摘要
中国规模庞大的留守儿童群体人力资本质量堪忧,但关于其产生机制缺乏系统研究。本文理论分析表明,成年流动人口为获取高工资向大城市流动,但大城市设立的高落户门槛使得流动人口家庭的儿童不得不留守户籍地,落户门槛的技能偏向对低技能流动人口家庭的影响更大。利用2014年全国流动人口监测数据和代表性城市的落户门槛指数的匹配数据,本文实证研究发现:(1)城市落户门槛提高了流动人口家庭儿童留守的概率,其中高落户门槛导致的居住成本和教育资源可获得性是两个重要的作用机制。(2)流动人口夫妻双方倾向于共同到大城市工作,但大城市又无法容纳流动人口子女就学,以致流动人口家庭不得不让子女独自留守户籍地。(3)落户门槛的技能偏向增加父辈低技能(大专以下学历)的流动人口子女留守的概率,降低父辈高技能流动人口子女留守的概率。因此,高落户门槛未能逆转人口向大城市集聚的趋势,反而徒增大量独自留守的儿童,将加剧收入不平等的代际传递。
The human capital of substantial left-behind children is worrisome in China,but rare studies systematically explore the originated mechanism of left-behind children.Theoretically,adult migrants centralize in big cities for higher income,while the high settlementthreshold with skill bias in big cities separates the adult migrants and their children,which particularly goes against the migrant family with lower education.The empirical study by using the Monitoring Data of Chinese Domestic Migrant in 2014 finds that：（1）the children whose parents work in the big cities with higher settlement threshold face higher probability to be left behind in their registered place,partly for higher living cost and unavailability of education.（2）The settlement threshold in big cities makes children be left behind mainly by themselves instead of with one of parents,because their parents choose to work together in the big cities,but high settlement threshold in big cities hinders the children of migrants from going to school in their parents＇ working cities.（3）Facing the same settlement threshold,the children whose parents with lower education have higher probability to be left behind,while the children whose parents with higher education have lower probability to be left behind.Therefore,the high settlement threshold cannot reverse the trend of population agglomeration in big cities,but produces massive left-behind children and inevitably aggravate the intergeneration transmission of income inequality.
作者
魏东霞
谌新民
DONGXIA WEI;XINMIN CHEN(Jinan Universit;South China Normal University and Jinan Universit)
出处
《经济学（季刊）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第1期549-578,共30页
China Economic Quarterly
关键词
落户门槛
技能偏向
留守儿童
settlement threshold
skill bias
left-behind children
