摘要
Existing research on grassroots rural governance in China adopts a network perspective to explore the role of traditional social vehicles including clans,clan clusters and popular beliefs in improving village governance.However,most of this research has concentrated on analyzing the way in which horizontal network relationships lead to effective village governance.It has thus to some extent neglected the basic reality of the overlapping interconnections between the ＂top-down＂ administrative system and the informal structure of village governance.In fact,an analysis that proceeds from the features of the government＇s own organizational network,the social structure of the village itself and the position of its elites in order to focus on modes of interaction within the village under the intermixture of（formal） system design and（informal） social relations,shows that differences in the composition of the government＇s promotional networks resulting from the traits of keyofficials affect the speed of policy dissemination as well as the government＇s mode of interaction with the village elites.Moreover,differences in these modes of interaction further influence the subsequent operation of self-organization based on social traditions（＂filial piety＂ or ＂morality＂）.At the same time,structural elements,including the economic and social relations of the village itself,determine whether self-organization will improve the quality of governance in the long term.This finding can serve as a reflection on and critique of the theories of ＂strong government＂ and ＂tradition＂ current in academia.
针对中国农村基层治理,已有研究从网络关系视角探讨了宗族、民间信仰和族群等社会传统"载体"在提升村庄治理方面的作用,然而大部分都集中于分析"横向"网络关系促成村庄有效治理的机理,或多或少地忽视了"自上而下"的行政系统与村庄非正式治理结构间相互重叠、勾连的基本现实。实际上,从政府组织网络自身特点、村庄自身社会结构和精英状况出发,着重分析(正式)制度设计与(非正式)社会关系交织下的村庄内部互动模式,可以发现,关键官员特征导致政府推广网络的构成差异既会影响政策的推广速度,也会影响到其与村庄内精英间的互动模式。且上述互动模式的差异,会进一步影响基于社会传统("孝道"或"伦理")的社会自组织的后续运作状况;同时,村庄自身的经济和社会关系系统等结构性因素,则决定着自组织形式能否长期提升治理质量。这一发现可构成对学界较为流行的"强政府论"和"传统论"理论取向的反思和批判。
基金
sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China project“Research on Political Connections and Behavior of Nonprofit Organizations”(71373230)
the National Social Science Fund of China project“Research on Community Governance Modes in the Context of New-type Urbanization”(15BZZ066)
the National Scholarship of China Scholarship Council(201506320101)
