摘要
为探讨密度和施氮量互作效应对油菜生长发育及产量的影响,以甘蓝型油菜品种华油杂9号为材料,在施氮120、240和360 kg·hm^(-2)的条件下,分别设密度15万、30万和45万株·hm^(-2)处理,分析了施氮量与密度对油菜生长发育动态、产量构成因素和产量的影响,及三者之间的相关关系。结果表明,油菜生育期随施氮量增加略呈延长趋势,而与密度无显著相关。株高随密度增大而下降,随施氮量增加表现出先升后降趋势。在油菜整个生育期中,随着施氮量和密度的增加,单位面积群体根颈粗、绿叶数、功能叶叶绿素、干物质积累量、角果分配比例、有效分枝数、有效角果数大体均显著增大,并与油菜产量呈显著正相关,且密度的影响总体大于氮肥的影响。随着施氮量和密度的增加,各相邻处理间差异总体呈逐渐变小趋势。120 kg·hm^(-2)施氮量和45万株·hm^(-2)种植密度组合不仅可以达到360 kg·hm^(-2)施氮量和15万株·hm^(-2)种植密度组合的产量,同时每公顷可以节省120 kg的氮肥投入,在实际生产中适量减少氮肥并适度提高密度依然可以获得高产。
Planting density and nitrogen （N） fertilizer rate are two important factors to affect rapeseed growth and production,and suitable planting density and N fertilizer application are efficient to improve both rape growth and yield. One popular variety（Huayouza 9） was used in a field experiment in Yucheng village, Jianyang city, Sichuan province in 2015 ~ 2016. Theexperiment was arranged using a split-plot design with three replicates, and the main plots had three N fertilizer level （120kg,hm- 2N1, 240 kg,hm- 2N2, 360 kg,hm- 2N3）, while three plant densities （15 × 104plants,hm- 2D1, 30 × 104plants,hm- 2D2, 45 × 104plants,hm- 2D3） were set up in subplots. The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of in-teraction between different fertilizer levels and density levels on growth period and process, biomass accumulation and distribu-tion, yield and component, and the relationship among them. The results showed that the growth period of rape was delayedwith the increase of N fertilizer rates. Density had no significant effect on rape growth period under the different N fertilizerrates. Plant height went up first and then down with the increase of N fertilizer, but a downward trend was observed with theincrease of planting density. Furthermore, unit area root stout, leaf number, chlorophyll, dry weight of per plant and eachorgans, pod proportion, branch number, effective siliques were increased significantly with the increasing density and N fertil￣izer, and effect of fertilization was larger than density. The differences between each adjacent treatment were gradually decrea-sing with increased nitrogen fertilizer and density. Correlation analysis found that yield had significant positive relationship withunit area root stout, leaf number, chlorophyll, dry weight of per plant and each organs, pod proportion, branch number, ef-fective siliques. The influence of transplanting density on yield was larger than N fertilizer, thus the less usage of N fertilizerand proper increasing density could achieve high yield. In this study, the target yield with 360 kg,hm- 2N fertilizer and 15 ×10^4plants,hm- 2planting density could be achieved by 120 kg,hm- 2N fertilizer and 45 × 10^4plants,hm- 2planting density,and the latter also saved 120 kg,hm- 2N fertilizer.
作者
田效琴
李卓
刘永红
TIAN Xiao-qin1, LI Zhuo1,2, LIU Yong-hong1(1. Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu Sichuan 610066, 2. Provincial Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture in Hill Areas of Southern China, Cheng-du Sichuan 61006)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期26-35,共10页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
四川省农业科学院青年基金项目(2017QNJJ-006)
四川省财政创新能力提升工程旱地油菜-玉米两熟模式精简高效节水及机械化栽培关键技术研究(2016GYSH-007)
四川省财政创新能力提升工程专项甘蓝型油菜种质资源创新和突破性新品种培育(2016ZYPZ-013)
公益性科研(农业)专项西南丘陵旱地主要粮油农作节水节肥节药综合技术集成与示范(20150312701)
国家科技支撑计划油菜高产高效关键技术研究与示范(2014BAD11B03)
关键词
油菜
种植密度
施氮量
生长发育
产量
rapeseed
planting density
nitrogen fertilizer
growth
yield
