摘要
采用不同比例沼液与化肥配合做基肥施用来研究沼液施用对番茄产量和品质的影响,以期为沼液的资源化合理利用提供理论参考。基于N平衡原理,本研究采用完全随机区组设计,共设计了7个基肥处理,分别为CK(空白)、CF(常规施肥)、HF(化肥)、ZF(沼液)、ZF80%+HF20%(80%沼液+20%化肥)、ZF50%+HF50%(50%沼液+50%化肥)、ZF20%+HF80%(20%沼液+80%化肥)。研究结果表明,与化肥处理相比,在番茄定植后的40和80 d沼液配施所占的比例越大,其对土壤有效养分和有机质含量抑制作用越强,但在番茄定植后160 d沼液对土壤有效养分和有机质含量却有明显的促进作用。沼液与化肥配施提高了番茄叶片叶绿素含量,其中以ZF80%+HF20%处理最高,且在番茄定植后的40、80、160 d分别比CF和HF处理提高了19.60%、11.91%、2.92%和184.25%、23.08%、35.03%。沼液与化肥配施还提高了土壤阳离子交换量和重金属含量,且含量的高低与沼液施用量呈正相关关系。沼液与化肥配施提高了番茄果实中Vc和可溶性糖含量,降低了可滴定酸含量,虽然ZF处理中检测到重金属,但均未超过国家标准,可以忽略不计。番茄产量以ZF80%+HF20%处理最高,分别是CK、CF、HF、ZF、ZF50%+HF50%和ZF20%+HF80%处理的2.58、1.05、1.02、1.05、1.01和1.01倍。综合分析认为,ZF80%+HF20%能明显提高土壤养分含量,改善土壤生态环境,促进番茄产量提高和品质改善。
The effect of biogas slurry combined with fertilizer at the different ratios on the yield and quality of tomato were stud-ied. A completely randomized block design with 3 replicates was used in the experiment. Seven treatments were applied inclu-ding CK （control）, CF （conventional fertilization）, HF （chemical fertilizer application）, ZF （ biogas slurry application）,ZF80% ＋ HF20% （80%biogas slurry combined with 20% chemical fertilizer）, ZF50% ＋ HF50% （50% biogas slurry com-bined with 50% chemical fertilizer）, ZF20% ＋ HF80% （20% biogas slurry combined with 80% chemical fertilizer）. Theresults showed that the greater proportion of biogas slurry application, the stronger the inhibition of biogas slurry on availablenutrients and organic matter contents in soil in comparison to HF treatment on the 40 d and 80 d after tomato seedlings wereplanted. However, biogas slurry improved the available nutrients and organic matter contents in soil on the 160 d after tomatoseedlings were planted. Compared to CF and HF treatments, application of biogas slurry combined with fertilizer enhanced thechlorophyll content of tomato leaves, especially ZF80% ＋ HF20% increased chlorophyll content by 19, 60%, 11, 91%,2, 92% and 184, 25%, 23, 08%, 35, 03%. Biogas slurry combined with fertilizer increased cation exchange capacity andheavy metal content in soil and positive correlation was found between application amount of biogas slurry and cation exchangecapacity and heavy metal content. Also, biogas slurry combined with fertilizer improved fruit quality such as increasing vitaminC and soluble sugar and decreasing titratable acid. Although heavy metals were tested in soil and fruits, its concentration wasnot exceeded the national standard. The yield of tomato in ZF80% ＋ HF20% treatment was 2, 58, 1, 05, 1, 02, 1, 05, 1, 01and 1, 01 times those of CK, CF, HF, ZF, ZF50% ＋ HF50% and ZF20% ＋ HF80% treatments, respectively. It is conclu-ded that ZF80% ＋ HF20% could increase available nutrient content and improve soil environment, and therefore enhancedyield and fruit quality.
作者
谢汉友
董仁杰
吴树彪
杨守军
杨军香
XIE Han-you1, DONG Ren-jie1,2, WU Shu-biao2, YANG Shou-jun1, YANG Jun-xiang3,(1. Yantai Institute, ChinaAgricultural University, Yantai 264670; 2. Engineering College, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083; 3. ChinaAnimal Husbandry Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 10012)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期108-115,共8页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项"农村沼气集中供气标准化模式研究与系统评价"(201403019)
关键词
沼液
化肥
大棚番茄
土壤理化性状
产量
品质
biogas slurry
fertilizer
tomato growth in high plastic tunnel
soil physic-chemical property
yield
quality
