摘要
背景:有研究表明离心收缩与传统的向心收缩和等长收缩相比具有诸多特征与好处,并在康复锻炼和运动训练中被广泛采用,目前研究一直致力于从分子和神经水平去阐述其可能的机制,而离心运动后机体产生不同于向心运动的特异性适应可能和只在离心运动中观察到的适应性信号通路有关。目的:综述现有的解释离心运动独特生理学特征的理论和离心运动后机体的急性反应研究进展,为进一步研究离心运动的具体作用机制提供参考。方法:以"eccentric exercise,negative muscle work,eccentric exercise training,downhill run,concentric exercise,positive muscle work,concentric exercise training,uphill running"为检索词,检索Pub Med数据库(1990年至2017年),纳入离心运动特征、急性反应和适应机制方面相关的内容;以"离心运动,离心训练,下坡跑"为检索词,检索中国知网数据库(2010年至2017年),纳入离心运动特征、急性反应和适应机制方面的内容。结果与结论:共得到98篇文献,根据纳入排除标准,对其中54篇文献进行分析。离心收缩的机械学、分子学和神经学特征与向心收缩和等长收缩不同;离心运动后的特殊的代谢和心肺反应反映出离心运动在运动训练和康复治疗方案制定中的优势;相比于向心运动,离心运动在募集较少运动单位的同时给它们施加更大的刺激,这涉及到运动诱导的肌损伤过程,卫星细胞可能发挥重要作用;卫星细胞在离心运动后的含量升高幅度要比向心运动更高,说明卫星细胞在离心运动造成的肌损伤重建和修复过程中可能发挥重要作用。因此,离心运动对于运动训练和康复具有重要意义,仍然需要进一步研究离心运动给机体带来适应的机制。
BACKGROUND： Eccentric exercise displays many advantages over concentric and isometric contractions, and it has been applied in exercise training and rehabilitation. The existing researches focus on the underlyingmechanisms at molecular and neural levels, and the specific adaptation after eccentric exercise may be related to the adaptive signaling pathway. OBJECTIVE： To review the unique physiological characteristics and mechanisms of eccentric exercise, thereby providing reference for in-depth understanding of eccentric exercise. METHODS： The relevant articles were searched in Pub Med（1990-2017） and CNKI（2010-2017） with the keywords of ＂eccentric exercise, negative muscle work, eccentric exercise training, downhill run, concentric exercise, positive muscle work, concentric exercise training, and uphill running＂ in English and Chinese, respectively. Ultimately, the articles eligible for physiological characteristics, acute response and adaptive mechanism were enrolled. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Totally 98 articles were retrieved, and 54 pertinent papers were enrolled for analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mechanical, molecular and neural mechanisms of eccentric contractions differ from those of concentric and isometric contractions. Special metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses after eccentric exercise reflect the advantages in making programs of exercise training and rehabilitation. Particularly, compared with concentric exercise, fewer motor units are recruited during eccentric exercise and exert muscle a greater stimulation, which involves the process of exercise-induced muscle damage and the activation of satellite cells. The content of satellite cells after eccentric exercise is higher than that of concentric exercise, suggesting that satellite cells may play an important role in the muscle damage reconstruction caused by eccentric exercise. In conclusion, eccentric exercise is of great significance for exercise training and rehabilitation, while further study on the adaptive mechanism of eccentric exercise is necessary.
作者
许智勇
殷鑫
黄强年
徐盛嘉
Xu Zhi-yong1, Yin Xin2, Huang Qiang-nian3, Xu Sheng-jia3(1.Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Commerce, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China; 2.Department of Heath and Exercise Science, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China; 3.School of Basic Education for Commanding Officers, the PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101, Jiangsu Province, Chin)
出处
《中国组织工程研究》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第16期2607-2612,共6页
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research
基金
解放军理工大学预先研究基金项目(KYJYZLXY1602-35)~~
