摘要
已有的邻避运动肇因研究,一直遵循"诉权—感知—谋利"的解释框架。通过对R市邻避运动的实证分析,可以发现邻避运动的产生至少包括身份特质型动因、风险机会型动因与媒介建构型动因三个维度。对比传统解释框架可以发现,无论诉权、感知还是谋利,都不是邻避运动产生的核心肇因。相反,高动员特质、较低的抗争风险、新媒介的助推更易导致抗争行为。鉴于此,"多因型抗争"的解释框架应包含身份特质、风险机会、媒介建构等三个肇因维度。相比于传统解释框架,多因型抗争对中国国情的环境抗争具有更强的解释力。进一步研究发现,"差序政府信任"是形塑中国邻避多因抗争行为的深层机制。它既引发民众进行邻避抗争,也规范民众在有限范围内有序地抗争。
Much of the facilities sitting literature is concerned with the phenomenon that certain services are in principle considered as beneficial to the majority of the population, but those proposed facilities to provide these services are in practice often strongly opposed by local residents. This phenomenon is popularly known as not in my back yard （NIMBY） movements. It made a start in the Western countries, but with the fast development of China＇s economy and its rapid urbanization in recent years, the NIMBY movements have also increased correspondingly in China. The movements that draw social concerns are the Panyu trash incinerators of Guangdong province, the Xierqi eating leftover garbage landfill project and the PX projects in Xiamen, Dalian, etc. Although most researchers in the Chinese and Western academic circles now seem to agree that this phenomenon is rather complex, and that the ＂right of action＂, perception and profit are the three main reasons why people may oppose a particular local development. It is not still satisfactory on the practical level. In fact, previous studies of the causes of the NIMBY movements have always uphold the explanation framework of ＂right-perception-profit＂. Although traditional framework has provided many beneficial and constructive messages for us to comprehend and overcome the NIMBY movements, there are still many problems and inadequacies. On the one hand, it has a simple and one-sided tendency, on the other hand, traditional framework ignores the new trend of extended thinking and the specific situations in China. Through the study of R city, we find that the causes of NIMBY movements has at least three dimensions of ＂ identity basedmonvatlon＇ ＂ ＂, ＂ risk opportunity motivation＂ and ＂ media construction ＇ ＇ ＂ motivation. The aim is to show that it is more likely to lead to the generation of resistance behavior under the help of high mobilization characteristics, lower resistance risk, and the booster of medium. After comparing the traditional interpretation framework, we find that neither ＂right＂ nor perception or ＂profit＂ is the core motive to promote the cause of NIMBY movements. In view of this, this paper puts forward a new framework of ＂Multiple Resistance＂. Under this framework, the identity of the NIMBYists, the size of the risk of the NIMBY movements and new media mobilization are the basic structure of the ＂Multiple Resistance＂. And ＂hierarchical trust in government＂ is the deep mechanism of this framework. Firstly, ＂hierarchical trust in government＂ promotes the generation of resistance; secondly, ＂hierarchical trust in government＂ regulates the border of resistance. Compared with the traditional framework, ＂ Multiple Resistance＂ has increasingly become the norm and priority incentives. It is also more persuasive than the traditional interpretation framework. At the practical level, it is helpful to identify the people and regions that may be able to fight against the NIMBY facilities, so that the local government can take more targeted measures. These results demonstrate that the identity of the NIMBYists, the rationality of the NIMBY facilities and the new media mobilization will play a significant part in the NIMBY movements. This finding advances the understanding of the cause of the NIMBY movements.
作者
王刚
宋锴业
Wang Gang;Song Kaiye(Law ＆ Politics School,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第4期111-126,共16页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金(16BZZ079)
关键词
环境风险
邻避运动
诉权-感知-谋利
多因型抗争
差序政府信任
environmental risk
NIMBY movement
right-perception-profit
mutiple resistance
hierarchical trust in government
