摘要
以一辆国Ⅴ柴油公交车为研究对象,在重型底盘测功机上运行中国典型城市公交循环,研究了纯柴油(D100),体积混合比例分别为5%,10%和20%餐厨废弃油脂制生物柴油-柴油混合燃料(即B5,B10,B20)的颗粒物(PM)碳质组分排放特性.结果表明:国Ⅴ柴油公交车尾气颗粒物碳质组分包括有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC),OC占73%～82%,OC的主要组分是OC2和OC3,生物柴油对车辆尾气颗粒物OC组成比例没有影响;随着生物柴油混合比例的增加,公交车尾气颗粒物OC和OC+EC排放呈降低的趋势,EC排放增加,且B10的OC排放较高;PM_(0.05～0.1),PM_(0.1～0.5),PM_(0.5～2.5),PM_(2.5～18) 4个粒径段颗粒物中,PM_(0.1～0.5)的OC和EC排放最高,PM_(2.5～18)的EC排放几乎为零,生物柴油可改善公交车尾气超细颗粒(PM_(0.05～0.1))的OC排放,对公交尾气颗粒物EC排放基本没有影响;公交使用生物柴油混合燃料尾气颗粒物OC/EC减小,且PM_(0.05～0.1)和PM_(0.5～2.5)OC/EC降低幅度明显,对大气二次气溶胶的影响减弱.
Research on a diesel bus certified to China V emission standards, run China city bus cycle on a heavy chassis dynamometer, the bus was fueled with D100（the pure diesel）, biodiesel blends B5, B10 and B20（the volume mixing ratio are 5%, 10% and 20% of waste cooking oil based biodiesel blends）, to carry out the emission characteristics of Particulate Matters（PM） carbonaceous components. The results show that China five bus＇ s exhaust particulate carbonaceous components include Organic Carbon（OC） and Elemental Carbon（EC）, where OC account for 73%～82%, and the main components of OC are OC2 and OC3. Biodiesel has no effect on the OC composition ratio of vehicle exhaust particulate matter; With the increase of biodiesel mixing ratio, the emissions of bus exhaust OC and OC＋EC have a decreasing trend, EC emissions have increased, wherease B10 has higher OC emissions; In four particle diameters as PM0.05-0.1, PM0.1-0.5, PM0.5-2.5, PM2.5-18, OC and EC have the highest emissions in PM0.1-0.5, EC has almost zero emission in PM2.5-18, biodiesel can improve OC emission of ultrafine bus exhaust particles（PM0.05-0.1）, which has virtually no effect on the emission of bus exhaust particulate matter; The OC/EC of using biodiesel decreases, especially in PM0.05-0.1 and PM0.5-2.5, which weakens the impact on the secondary air aerosol.
作者
胡志远
章昊晨
谭丕强
楼狄明
HU Zhi-yuan;ZHANG Hao-chen;TAN Pi-qiang;LOU Di-ming(School of Automotive Studies,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China)
出处
《中国环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第8期2921-2926,共6页
China Environmental Science
基金
上海市科委科技攻关计划(16DZ1203001)
关键词
餐厨废弃油脂制生物柴油
公交车
颗粒物
有机碳
元素碳
粒径
waste cooking oil based biodiesel
bus
particulate matter
organic carbon
element carbon
particle diameter
