摘要
为研究油棉连作模式下施氮水平对氮、磷、钾的吸收、分配与利用的影响,于2014,2015年在湖南省常德市开展了氮肥不同用量试验,设置了5种施氮量:0,90,180,270,360 kg/hm^2。结果表明:在0~360 kg/hm^2施氮量内,随着施氮水平的提高,棉株氮素、磷素、钾素养分累积逐渐提高;氮素的积累分配与磷素、钾素的积累分配呈现良好的一致性,棉株氮磷钾养分累积均在施氮360 kg/hm^2条件下最大,其中在90~360 kg/hm^2施氮量内,棉铃氮素、磷素、钾素的分配比例均在施氮270 kg/hm^2条件下最大。在0~360 kg/hm^2施氮量内,氮肥的表观利用率、农学利用率、偏生产力与生产效率均随着施氮量的增加而降低,而棉株对磷素与钾素的吸收则表现为随着施氮量的增加而增加;增施氮肥促进了棉株生物量的积累与棉花产量的提高,当施氮水平提高到270 kg/hm^2后,其增施效果不再显著且生物量与产量均为最高。在0~360 kg/hm^2施氮量内,马克隆值随着施氮量的增加而降低,整齐度和伸长率则没有显著的变化;在180~270 kg/hm^2施氮量内,纤维长度和断裂比强度最高。适宜的施氮量利于棉株对氮素、磷素、钾素的吸收,促进干物质积累,提高棉花产量与品质,该试验条件下,推荐施氮量250~270 kg/hm^2。
Field experiments were carried out at Changde in 2014 and 2015 to study the effects of N application rates on NPK uptake, distribution and utilization,cotton yield and fiber quality by applying five levels（0,90,180,270,360 kg/ha ）of N fertilization.The results showed that：in the 0-360 kg/ha application range,the accumulation of NPK gradually increased with the increased of nitrogen application;The accumulation and distribution of N were in good agreement with the accumulation and distribution of P and K,the accumulation of NPK in cotton was the largest under the condition of nitrogen 360 kg/ha.In the 90-360 kg/ha application range,the proportion of NPK in boll was the largest under the condition of nitrogen 270 kg/ha.In the 0-360 kg/ha application range,the N use efficiency,the N agronomic use efficiency,the N partial productivity and the N production efficiency decreased with the increased of nitrogen fertilizer,but the absorption of P and K increased with the increased of nitrogen. The biomass accumulation and cotton yield were increased with the increased of nitrogen fertilizer,when the nitrogen level was increased to 270 kg/ha,the effect was no longer significant,both biomass and yield were the highest. In the 0- 360 kg/ha application range,the micronaire value was decreased with the increased of nitrogen fertilizer,but there was no significantly change in uniformity and elongation.The highest fiber appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer was beneficial to the absorption of NPK,accumulation of strength and length were obtain in 180-270 kg/ha nitrogen application treatment,the biomass,improvement of yield and quality. In this experiment,the amount of nitrogen application was recommended from 250 to 270 kg/ha.
作者
李飞
郭利双
李景龙
肖才升
LI Fei;GUO Lishuang;LI Jinglong;XIAO Caisheng(Cotton Science Research Institute of Hunan Province,Changde 415101,China)
出处
《华北农学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期196-202,共7页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2017YFD0201901)
国家棉花产业技术体系(CARS-18-43)
湖南省棉花产业化技术体系(xnbkj-2016-108)
湖南省农业创新资金项目(2017xc03)
关键词
棉花
氮肥用量
生物量
积累与分配
产量
纤维品质
Cotton；Nitrogen application；Biomass；Accumulation and distribution；Yield；Fiber quality
