摘要
为明确神府矿区土质道路土壤侵蚀特征,采用野外模拟降雨的试验方法,研究了不同降雨强度(1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0mm/min)条件下矿区3°和6°土质道路土壤侵蚀过程及其与径流特性的关系。结果表明:道路侵蚀速率随降雨历时呈突增—波动—稳定的变化过程,且雨强和坡度越大,侵蚀过程的波动程度就越高;相同雨强条件下,6°坡侵蚀速率是3°坡的2.61~3.46倍,两坡度道路侵蚀速率与雨强和径流率均成极显著的线性函数关系(显著性水平P<0.01)。回归分析表明,侵蚀速率与径流深成极显著的幂函数关系(P<0.01),与径流剪切力、径流功率、单位径流功率均成极显著的线性函数关系(P<0.01),道路发生土壤侵蚀的临界径流剪切力、径流功率、单位径流功率分别为0.80 N/m^2、0.056 W/m^2、0.005 8 m/s。
In order to clarify the soil erosion characteristic of unpaved road in the Shenfu Coalfield area, a artificially simulated rainfall experiment was conducted to study the soil erosion process of unpaved road with different slopes （3° and 6°） and the relationships between soil erosion rate and runoff characteristic parameters under different rainfall intensity （1. 0, 1. 5, 2. 0, 2. 5 and 3. 0 mm/ min） conditions. The results show that the soil erosion process of unpaved road experiences a sharp increase, fluctuate and then stable change process. Moreover, the greater slope and rainfall intensity can cause greater fluctuation degree of erosion process. The mean erosion rates of unpaved road on 6° slope is 2. 61-3. 46 times greater than those of on 3° slope for same rainfall intensity experiments. For the two slope treatments, the linear function can be used to describe the relationships between soil erosion rate and rainfall intensity or runoff rate （P〈0. 01）. Besides, soil erosion rate increases with an increase of runoff depth in a power function （P〈0. 01）, and with an increase of shear stress, stream power and unit stream power in a liner function （P〈0. 01）. The critical shear stress, critical stream power and critical unit stream power initiating soil erosion are 0. 80 N/ m^2, 0. 056 W/ m^2 and 0. 005 8 m/ s, respectively.
作者
张孝中
王文龙
袁瀛
ZHANG Xiaozhong;WANG Wenlong;YUAN Ying(Shaanxi Provincial Planning and Research Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Xi’an 710004,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A ＆ F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS and MWR,Yangling 712100,China)
出处
《人民黄河》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第7期88-92,98,共6页
Yellow River
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(40771127)
关键词
道路侵蚀
径流特性
降雨强度
神府矿区
road erosion
runoff characteristics
rainfall intensity
Shenfu Coalfield
