摘要
【目的】为了分析葡萄黑腐病的主要病原菌黑曲霉Aspergillus niger菌丝体生长和孢子萌发与营养或环境因素之间的关系.【方法】以产OTA的黑曲霉A.niger为试验菌株,察氏培养基为基础,观察和测定不同碳源、氮源、温度15~40℃和pH 3~9条件对该菌菌落直径及菌丝体干质量的影响;以2%水琼脂培养基为基础,测定不同碳源、无机和有机氮源、温度、pH条件下8h和10h的分生孢子萌发规律.【结果】在固体培养基上,菌落生长最佳碳源为麦芽糖,最佳氮源为谷氨酸和蛋白胨,最适温度为30~35℃,最适pH为3~5;在分生孢子萌发阶段,最佳碳源为葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖,最佳氮源为氯化铵和蛋白胨,最适pH为4~5,最适温度为30~35℃;分生孢子的致死温度为52℃,10min.【结论】A.niger在不同发育阶段对营养和环境条件的要求存在差异,因此要减少葡萄黑腐病病害发病率,控制OTA污染就必须对葡萄生长的环境条件或贮藏条件进行严格监控,并辅以适当措施减少昆虫和鸟类造成的葡萄表面的创伤.
【Objective】To analyze the relationship between mycelium growth and spore germination of Aspergillus niger being one of the major pathogens of grape black rot and nutrition or environment.【Method】Taking A.niger producing OTA as the experimental stain and Czapek＇s medium as the basis,the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources,temperature（15-40℃）,and pH（3-9）on colony diameter and mycelium dry mass and the observed the spore germination rate after culturing 8 hand 10 hon 2% water agar culture medium.【Result】The result showed that the optimum carbon sources for A.niger colony growth was glucose,the best nitrogen sources were glutamate and peptone,the best temperature was 30-35 ℃and the most suitable pH was 4-5.At the stage of conidium germination,the optimum carbon sources were glucose,fructose and sucrose,the best nitrogen sources were ammonium chloride and peptone,the best pH was 4-5,the best temperature was 30-35℃and the lethal temperature for the conidia was 52℃for 10 min.【Conclusion】A.niger had different requirements for nutritional and environmental conditionsat different developmental stage.Therefore,to reduce the incidence of black rot of grape diseases and control the OTA contamination,the environmental conditions or storage conditions should be strictly monitored and the proper measures should be used to reduce the surface damage of grape by insects and birds.
作者
田秀
王婧
张宏海
王玉华
李惠琳
TIAN Xiu;WANG Jing;ZHANG Hong-hai;WANG Yu-hua;LI Hui-lin(College of Food Science and Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Gansu Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology,,Lanzhou 730070,Chin)
出处
《甘肃农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期158-165,共8页
Journal of Gansu Agricultural University
基金
甘肃省自然科学基金项目(1506RJZA008)
甘肃省商务厅2017年度葡萄酒产业发展专项资金项目“河西走廊产区葡萄酒质量安全风险监测控制”
关键词
黑曲霉
生物学特性
生长
Aspergillus niger
biological characteristics
carbon source
growth
