摘要
20世纪70年代以来,在美国民主宪政主义兴起的背景下,传统的"特权"理论开始被"公共服务模型"取代,公立高校教师的程序性权利开始获得救济与保障。美国公立高校教师人事决策的程序性要求,主要是由联邦宪法第十四修正案、州法律与行政规章中的相关法律条款,以及教师手册或其他具有契约意义的机构政策等确立的。通过对法院相关案件的梳理和研究发现:公立高校做出的教师人事决策,对教师的自由利益或财产利益构成侵害,是法院支持教师程序性权利的前提。法院往往会根据案件的具体情形,决定是否给予以及给予何种程度或类型的程序性保障。最低限度的程序保障通常包括:告知与听证。此外,根据州行政法所规定的"穷尽内部救济原则",教师必须遵循教师手册和机构政策中所规定的高校内部救济程序。否则,法院可能拒绝介入此类纠纷案件。在尊重大学自治与保障教师权利之间实现动态平衡,构成美国法院介入公立高校教师人事决策纠纷的总体趋势与基本经验。
Since 1970s, traditional ＂privilege＂ theory began to be replaced by the ＂public service model＂ under the background of the rise of American democratic constitutionalism, faculty＇ s procedural rights in public universities gradually get relief and security. The procedural requirements of faculty personnel decision-making in American public colleges and universities are mainly established by the 14th Amendnlent to the Federal Constitution, the relevant legal provisions in the state statute and administrative regulations, and the faeulty＇ s manual or other contractual institutional policies. Through an investigation and study of the relevant eases of the courts, it is found that personnel decisions made by public universities which pose an infringement on the liberty interests or the property interests of faculty are the prerequisite for the court to support faculty s rights of due process. Depending on the circumstances of the ease, courts tend to decide whether or not to grant, and grant what degree or type of procedural safeguards. Minimum procedural safeguards usually include： notice and hearing. In addition, according to the ＂exhaustion-of-internal-remedies doctrine＂ stipulated in the state administration law, faculty must follow the internal remedial procedures stipulated in faculty manual and institutional policies. Otherwise, the court may refuse to intervene in the disputes. Maintaining the dynamic balance between university autonomy and the protection of faeulty＇s rights is the overall trend and basic experience of the United States courts to participate in faculty personnel decision-making disputes in public universities.
作者
姚荣
王思懿
YAO Rong;WANG Siyi(School of Educational Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210097,China;Institute of Higher Education,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)
出处
《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第4期28-37,共10页
Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University
基金
国家社会科学基金"十三五"规划2017年度教育学重大课题"‘双一流’建设背景下高校学科调整与建设研究"[VIA170003]
关键词
美国公立高校
人事决策
大学自治
正当法律程序
穷尽内部救济原则
American public colleges and universities
personnel decision-making
university autonomy
due legal process
the exhaustion-of-internal-remedies doctrine.
