摘要
为提高武都的核桃产量与品质,分析不同气象条件下核桃不同品种的物候期、产量构成要素变化及其对气候因子的响应情况。本研究以甘肃陇南市武都山区"万亩核桃园"为试验地点,在2012—2013年开展核桃‘温185’、‘强特勒’2个品种的物候期及产量构成要素的连续性观测,分析不同年份2个品种物候期及产量构成要素的变化特征,并结合同期气象资料,研究核桃产量构成要素与主要气象因子的关系。结果表明:(1)不同品种、不同年份的核桃物候期存在较大的差异;(2)尽管2013年核桃‘温185’的枝条生长量明显长于2012年,但由于2013年前期气温异常偏高,加之降水量偏少,造成后期果实生长量小于2012年。然而,由于‘强特勒’的物候期较‘温185’晚了20天左右,其2013年枝条、果实生长量均较2012年大,前期的高温并未影响其生长发育;(3)2012、2013年核桃‘温185’枝条、果实生长量与温度、降水呈正相关,而与日照时数呈不显著负相关,其中与最低温度的相关性最显著。就温度而言,2013年的相关性明显弱于2012年,表明气温异常偏高不利于核桃产量的提高。
The paper aims to improve walnut yield and quality in Wudu, and to analyze the variation of thephenological phases and yield components of different walnut varieties under different meteorologicalconditions and their responses to climate. The authors took the＂Million Acres Walnut Orchard＂in Wudu,Longnan of Gansu as an experiment point, carried out continuous observation on the phenological phases andyield components of‘Wen185＇and‘Qiangtele＇from 2012 to 2013, analyzed the variation characteristics ofphenological phases and yield components of the two varieties, and studied the relationship between the yieldcomponents and main climate factors combined with the corresponding meteorological data. The results showedthat：（1） the phenological phases of different walnut varieties and years had big difference;（2） although thebranch length of‘Wen185＇in 2013 was obviously longer than that in 2012, the fruit diameter was smaller than that in 2012 owing to abnormally high temperature and less precipitation in early 2013; however, the growth ofbranch and fruit of‘Qiangtele＇in 2013 was bigger than that in 2012 since its phenological phase was 20 dayslater than that of‘Wen185＇, so earlier high temperature did not affect the growth of‘Qiangtele＇;（3） thecorrelations between the growth of branch and fruit of‘Wen185＇in 2012 and 2013 with temperature andprecipitation were positive, while the correlation with sunshine hours was non-significantly negative, and thecorrelation with the minimum temperature was the most significant. In addition, the correlation between thegrowth of branch and fruit of‘Wen185＇and temperature in 2013 was weaker than that in 2012, indicating thatthe abnormally high temperature was not favorable to the yield of‘Wen185＇.
作者
刘丽
蔡迪花
苏军锋
岳高峰
孙畅
Liu Li;Cai Dihua;Su Junfeng;Yue Gaofeng;Sun Chang(Longnan Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province,Longnan Gansu 746000;Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration/Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province/ Key Laboratory of Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA,Lanzhou 730020;Linxia Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province,Linxia Gansu 731100)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2018年第16期100-105,共6页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
甘肃省省自然科学研究基金计划"‘3S’支持下的高精度陇南山地特色农业适生区划研究"(096RJZA129)
甘肃省气象局课题"陇南山区特色农业气象灾害风险区划与气候区划研究"(2013-20)
关键词
核桃
物候期
产量构成
气候因子
武都区
walnut
phenological phases
yield components
climate factors
Wudu
