摘要
研究3种典型畜禽粪便工厂化高温好氧堆肥过程中物理化学参数的动态变化规律,为典型禽畜粪便和食用菌菌渣废弃物有机肥料化提供理论依据。本研究分别以新鲜牛粪、猪粪和鸡粪配以2倍质量(DW)的食用菌菌渣进行堆肥试验,研究堆肥过程中温度、pH值、铵态氮、硝态氮和发芽指数等理化指标的动态变化规律。结果表明:堆肥过程中牛粪、鸡粪和猪粪处理在55℃以上的持续时间均超过15天,堆体温度均超过70℃。堆肥结束时,猪粪、鸡粪、牛粪处理的pH值分别为pH 7.59、7.81、7.48,符合腐熟堆肥pH 5.5~8.5的一般标准,种子发芽指数(GI)均大于80%,总养分(N+P_2O_5+K_2O)分别为4.31%、5.01%、4.57%,只有鸡粪处理满足有机肥养分标准(NY 525—2012)。堆肥过程中各处理铵态氮含量逐渐下降,硝态氮含量逐渐增加,至堆肥结束时牛粪、鸡粪和猪粪处理铵态氮的减少量分别为45.6%、29.2%、33.9%,而相应地硝态氮含量分别增加到2.59、2.57、2.15 g/kg。本研究结果可为适度规模养殖场的畜禽粪便进行堆肥处理提供一定的理论依据。
The paper aims to investigate the dynamic changes of physical and chemical parameters during aerobic composting process of 3 typical kinds of manure amended with mushroom dregs, so as to provide a theoretical basis for resourceful treatment of these wastes to be organic fertilizer. The authors adopted industrialized thermophilic aerobic composting process to investigate the composting efficiency for the mixtures of fresh cow dung, pig manure and chicken manure-based materials amended with mushroom dregs at the primary ratio of 1：2, and to monitor the dynamic changes of the temperature, pH value, ammonium nitrate and other physical and chemical indicators during composting. The results showed that： during composting, all piles with temperature above 55℃ lasted for more than 15 days; and temperature in all piles reached 70℃; at the end of composting, the pH value of samples from cow dung, pig manure and chicken manure-based treatments was 7.59, 7.81, and 7.48, respectively, in line with the general standard that the compost pH value should be between 5.5 to 8.5; the germination index of the produced composts were all higher than 80%; and the total nutrient（N ＋ P_2O_5＋ K_2O） was 4.31%, 5.01%, and 4.57%, respectively, only the chicken manure treatment satisfied the organic manure nutrient standard（NY 525-2012）; ammonium nitrogen content of all treatments gradually decreased by 45.6%, 29.2% and 33.9%, respectively, while nitrate nitrogen amount increased to 2.59 g/kg, 2.57 g/kg, 2.15 g/kg, respectively. The results can provide a theoretical basis for a moderate scale farm to produce organic fertilizer.
作者
刘超
徐谞
顾文文
蔡志刚
乔策策
李荣
沈其荣
Liu Chao;Xu Xu;Gu Wenwen;Cai Zhigang;Qiao Cece;Li Rong;Shen Qirong(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Organic Solid Waste Utilization/ Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/ National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095;Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University,Huaian Jiangsu 223005;Jiangsu Junde Ecological Agriculture Technology Co.,Ltd,Huaian Jiangsu 223300)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2018年第21期84-90,共7页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
国家重点研发专项"农业废弃物好氧发酵技术与智能控制设备研发"(2016YFD0800605)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目"固体废弃物高效肥料化的理化与生物学联动机制及环境效应研究"(KYZ201519)
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目"优质安全苏淮猪肉产业链技术创新与集成应用"(CX(15)100606)
苏北专项"养殖场废弃物标准化无害化资源利用关键技术提升与集成示范"(BN2015082)
国家重点研发专项"有机肥料替代化学养分机理"(2016YFD0200106)
江苏省高校品牌专业建设工程资助项目"农业资源与环境"(PPZY2015A061)
青蓝工程
关键词
好氧堆肥
畜禽粪便
无害化处理
腐熟度
aerobic composting
animal manure
innocent treatment
maturity
