摘要
【目的】了解儿童肺炎的流行特征、疾病负担及肺炎疫苗接种情况。【方法】对上海市某社区2012年1月1日—12月31日期间诊断为肺炎的5岁以下儿童进行回顾性调查,获得病例的流行病学和诊疗费用信息,并进行统计分析。【结果】共调查了5岁以下儿童1 079人,确诊肺炎86例,儿童肺炎发病率为7.97%,其中男性发病率为9.63%,女性发病率为5.95%。2~岁组发病率最高(11.70%);春季和冬季高发。23例在肺炎发病前有肺炎疫苗接种史(占26.74%);住院病例16例(占18.60%),发病前有肺炎疫苗接种史的病例住院比例(4.35%)明显低于无肺炎疫苗接种史的病例(23.81%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。86例肺炎病例产生的总费用为345 444元,平均每个病例花费4 017元,其中陪护费最高,占57.03%,其次是门诊就诊费和住院费,分别占22.13%和9.92%。对费用有影响的因素为是否住院治疗,住院病例的花费高于未住院病例(P<0.05)。【结论】5岁以下儿童肺炎病例的高住院率与未接种肺炎疫苗有关;降低住院率将减少儿童肺炎疾病负担;儿童肺炎疫苗接种能减少儿童肺炎的发生和住院。
[Objective]To obtain data on epidemics characteristics, disease burden and pneumonia vaccination for children pneumonia. [Methods] A retrospective study was conducted on children under 5 who had been diagnosed with pneumonia from Jan 1 to Dec 31 in 2012. The information thus obtained on epidemiology and cost of medical service was statistically analyzed. [Results] A total of 1 079 children under 5 were investigated,of whom 86 were diagnosed with pneumonia in 2012. The incidence rate of pneumonia in children was 7. 97%; the incidence of male was 9. 63% and that of female was 5. 95%,with the highest incidence rate（ 11. 70%） in those aged 2 to 3 years in all age groups. Incidence rate was found to be higher in spring and winter. Twenty-three people（ 26. 74%） had a history of pneumonia vaccination before the onset of pneumonia. The number of hospitalized cases was 16（ 18. 60%）. Those with a history of pneumonia vaccination before onset had an obviously lower hospitalized proportion（ 4. 35%） than those without（ 23. 81%）,and the difference between them was statistically significant（ P 0. 05）. The total cost for the 86 cases was 345 444 yuan,and 4 017 yuan for each on average. The medical nursing cost was the highest, accounting for 57. 03%. The outpatient cost and hospitalization cost were 22. 13% and9. 92%. The factor affecting the amount of cost was hospitalization,and the costs for hospitalization was higher than those for non-hospitalized cases（ P〈0. 05）. [Conclusion] The high hospitalization rate for children under 5 is associated with no pneumonia vaccination. Reducing hospitalization rates will effectively reduce the burden of childhood pneumonia. Vaccination for children can effectively reduce the occurrence and hospitalization rate for children pneumonia.
作者
王婧
黄卓英
胡家瑜
姜铭波
陆瑾
许振慧
孙晓冬
WANG Jing1, HUANG Zhuo-ying2, HU Jia-yu2, JIANG Ming-bo1, LU Jin1, XUZhen-hui1, SUN Xiao-dong2(1. Huangpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai200023, China;2. Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336,Chin)
出处
《上海预防医学》
CAS
2018年第7期552-556,共5页
Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine
基金
上海市疾病预防控制中心项目(2012zx100004703-010)
关键词
儿童
肺炎
发病率
肺炎疫苗
经济负担
children
pneumonia
incidence rate
pneumococcal vaccination
disease burden
