摘要
为了解页岩气开采过程中的石油烃污染情况及其对土壤理化性质的影响,选择四川4个典型页岩气井场周围土壤为研究样地,采集石油烃污染土壤样品并测定土壤污染特征和理化性质,进一步利用SPSS分析了石油烃质量比与各类理化因子的相关性。结果表明：1）页岩气开发过程井场周围土壤受到不同程度的石油烃污染,质量比为0.022～15.6 g/kg,15个样点中有11个点土壤石油烃质量比超过500 mg/kg的临界值,石油烃萃取物GC-MS组分分析表明,污染物以大分子的直链烷烃和支链烷烃为主,占污染组分的90%以上;2）土壤受到石油烃污染后,土壤有机质显著增加,使含水率和p H值明显降低,还使发光细菌的半致死率EC50显著降低,即提高了土壤水浸液的毒性等级;3）土壤含油量对营养素全磷和全氮无显著影响,污染土壤中C、N、P比例严重失调,因此在进行烃污染土壤修复时需要适当补充N、P营养盐,可增强土壤中微生物的活性,加速石油烃的分解;4）相关性检验（LSD）结果显示,受烃污染土壤中的石油烃质量比与含水率和有机质呈极显著相关,与p H值和生物毒性EC50呈显著相关,与电导率、TN和TP无显著相关关系。
The present paper attempts to investigate the contamination characteristic features of the petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil in the shale gas mining area so as to identify and determine the variation of the physical and chemical properties of the crude oil contaminated soil. To achieve the said purpose,we have surveyed and collected crude oil samples from the 4 shale gas fields in Sichuan in different exploitation times,with their contents and componential features analyzed and determined.What is more,the correlation between the petroleum hydrocarbon concentration and the physico-chemical properties of the contaminated soil has also been analyzed with the software of SPSS. As a result,the analysis of the contents and components of the crude oil proves that the soil samples have been contaminated on the whole by the petroleum hydrocarbons at the varying degrees in the exploitation of the shale gas,with the pollution content ranging from 0. 085 g/kg to 1. 56 g/kg,which turns out to exceed 0. 7-30. 2 times as much as the standardazed rate of 500 mg/kg. What is more,the analysis of GC-MS component of the petroleum hydrocarbon extracts from the corresponding soils demonstrate that the pollutants mainly consist of macromolecules of the direct and branched alkanes,which accounts for over 90% of the pollution components. And,then,with the significant content rates of the organic matters,the water content and the p H value tend to be considerably reduced when the soil is polluted by the petroleum hydrocarbons. At the same time,the semi-lethality EC50 of the luminous bacteria tends also to be significantly degraded,whereas the toxicity level of the soil aqueous solution tends to be aggravated. But,in contrast,the oil contents in the soils have no significant effect on the nutrient of the total nitrogen and that of phosphorus. And,in turn,the content concentration rates of C,N and P in the oil contaminated soil may become seriously out of balance. Therefore,it would be necessary to properly add to N and P nutrient elements in the remediation process of the hydrocarbon polluted soil,for it can help to enhance the activity of the microorganisms in the soil and accelerate the decomposition of the petroleum hydrocarbons. Moreover,the correlation test（ LSD）can help to reveal that,in the hydrocarbon-contaminated soil,the content of petroleum hydrocarbons is likely to be significantly correlated with the moisture content,the organic matters in the soil,and the p H value,as well as the biological toxicity EC50,though they may not have significant correlation with the conductivity,and/or with TN and TP.
作者
王兵
李珍珍
李琋
任宏洋
马伶俐
WANG Bing;LI Zhen-zhen;LI Xi;REN Hong-yang;MA Ling-li(State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control,Beijing 102206,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China;Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Prevention on Oil and Gas Fields and Environmental Safety,Chengdu 610500,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期1598-1604,共7页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
中国石油天然气集团公司科学研究与技术开发项目(2016D-5006-08)
四川省科技计划项目(15ZC1322)
关键词
环境工程学
页岩气开发
土壤污染
污染特性
相关性
environmental engineering
shale gas development
soil contamination
pollution characteristics
correlation
