摘要
新疆托木尔峰国家级自然保护区是天山世界自然遗产的重要组成部分,保护区内地衣区系比较特殊,具有十分重要科研和保护价值。文中为了查明该保护区叶状地衣资源,根据实地调查和前人的研究资料,对该地区叶状地衣多样性进行了研究,并分析了地衣区系成分和基物类型。结果表明,托木尔峰国家级自然保护区的叶状地衣共有50种(3个变种),隶属于3目、8科、18属。其中茶渍目地衣占优势,共有35种,隶属于5科、15属,分别占该地区叶状地衣科、属、种总数的78.12%、83.33%和70%。统计发现,该保护区叶状地衣优势科(≥10种)有3科,分别是梅衣科(7属、16种)、蜈蚣衣科(4属、13种)和地卷科(1属、11种),分别占该地区叶状地衣属和种总数的66.67%和80%。优势属(≥5种)有3属,即地卷属(11种)、黑蜈蚣衣属(6种)和黄梅属(5种),分别占叶状地衣总种数的44%,另外还有5个单种属。根据种类的分布特征,将50种叶状地衣划分为世界广布成分、环北极成分、东亚成分、温带成分、地中海-西亚-中亚种、中国特有成分等6个地理成分、7个分布型。同时发现,叶状地衣在托木尔峰保护区南、北坡的垂直分布差异显著,在北坡主要分布在亚高山针叶林带;而在南坡分布的种类不多,仅零星的出现在山地荒漠和高山草甸之间的云山林中。根据基物类型叶状地衣可分为岩面生、树生、朽木生、地面生、藓丛生、藓土生、石浮土生等7个类型。
Tomur Peak National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang is a part of the World Heritage Site of Tianshan,because of the it＇s unique lichen flora,it has important scientific research and protection values. In this research,in order to find out foliose lichens resource,we studied the foliose lichen species diversity according to the field investigation and references,and the floristics composition and substrate types also were analyzed. The result show that,50 species（ including 3 variety） in 18 genera and 5 family were found. The species of Lecanoralis are dominated and it has 35 species belonging to 5 families and 15 genera,occupying 78. 12%,83. 33% and70% of the total families,genus and species of this area respectively. Referring to the statistics,there are 3 dominant families（ ≥10 species） ： Parmeliaceae（ 7 genera,16 species）,Physciaceae（ 4 genera,13 species）,Peltigeraceae（ 1 genera,11 species）,occupying 66. 67% and 80% of the total number of the genera and species. There are 3 dominant genera（ ≥5 species） ： Peltigera（ 11 species）,Phaeophyscia（ 6 species） and Xanthoparmelia（ 5 species）,occupying 44% of total species number; there are also 5 genera having single species.According to the lichens species distribution characteristics,50 foliose lichen species were classified following 6 geographical elements and 7 distribution types. They are Cosmopolitan element,Circumpolar element,East Asian element,Temperatural element,Mediterranien-West Asian-Central Asian species,and Element endemic to China. The vertical distribution of the foliose lichen shows distict difference between south and north slop. In the north slop most of the foliose species distribute on bark,soil,moss and decayed wood in the subalpine forest,and in the south slop,the foliose lichens diversity is very low,they are scattered between the mountain desert and alpine meadow. The foliose lichen was divided following seven different types according to the substrate,they are lichens on stone,lichens on branch bark,lichens on decayed wood,lichens on ground,lichens in moss clump,lichens on mossy land,lichens on the earth-covered rocks.
作者
买吾拉江.衣沙克
阿衣努尔.吐松
帕丽旦.艾海提
艾尼瓦尔.吐米尔
Mawlanjan ISSAK;Aynur TURSUN;Parida AHAT;Anwar TUMUR(College of Life Sciences and Technology,Xinjiang University,Ururnqi 830046,China)
出处
《干旱区资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第9期157-164,共8页
Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31360009)资助
