摘要
目的调查长江南岸一山丘型血吸虫病传播阻断示范区内血吸虫病传播的高危风险因素。方法收集长江南岸一山丘型血吸虫病传播阻断示范区2016、2017年人畜血吸虫病疫情资料及相关数据。另在示范区内选取乌石河滩、水泥沟、田间沟、泄洪沟、干渠、荒地、荒滩等7个调查点,在相应区域内以系统抽样结合环境抽样开展钉螺调查,捡获的钉螺应用环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP)进行血吸虫核酸检测。连续3个月在7个调查点捕捉野鼠,每月投放1次鼠笼或鼠夹,每次持续3 d。捕获的野鼠取肝脏组织,匀浆后显微镜下检查虫卵,应用毛蚴孵化法检测野鼠粪便和在调查区域内检获的所有肉眼观察到的野粪。结果该示范区2016、2017年本地居民共查病12 232人次,血清血吸虫抗体阳性152例,无粪检阳性病例。本地耕牛血检688头次,血清血吸虫抗体阳性1头,无粪检阳性病畜。7个调查点共调查钉螺2 152框,捡获钉螺1 401只,其中活螺为427框1 398只,平均密度为3.27只/框。LAMP检测结果显示,24管钉螺(每管15只钉螺)混合DNA中,5管呈阳性反应,分布在水泥沟、田间沟、干渠等3个调查点。投放鼠笼或鼠夹共825个,捕获野鼠35只,分布在除乌石河滩的其余6个调查点。野鼠粪便孵化均为阴性,肝脏组织镜检发现2只野鼠感染华支睾吸虫。购得的2份野猪肝脏和1只野兔,镜检和粪便孵化均为阴性。捡获野粪137份,较多的2个调查点分别为54份和44份,野粪来自牛、羊、马、猪、犬等5种家畜,其中牛粪最多(66份),猪粪最少(4份)。经毛蚴孵化检查,26份野粪为阳性,阳性率为19.0%,其中牛粪15份阳性,马粪、羊粪、猪粪、犬粪分别为2、3、3、3份阳性。结论示范区内人群调查未见血吸虫感染。示范区的有螺环境内存在多种家畜传染源格局,家畜野粪阳性率为19.0%,是该类地区血吸虫病传播的高危风险因素。
Objective To analyze the risk factors for schistosomiasis transmission in a hilly transmission in-terruption demonstration plot located at the south bank of Yangtze River. Methods The 2016-2017 schistosomiasis endemic information in local residents and livestock in a hilly transmission interruption demonstration plot located at the south bank of Yangtze River was collected. Field investigations were also carried out at benchland, cement ditch,field drain, flood discharge ditch, trunk canal, wasteland, desolate sands in the demonstration plot, where snails were surveyed through systematic sampling in combination with environmental sampling, and wild rodents were captured us-ing cages or traps which were placed monthly, 3 days each time, for 3 consecutive months. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification（LAMP） method was used to detect the schistosome DNA in snails. The rodents captured were sacrificed and liver tissues were collected for egg examination in tissue homogenates. Feces from wild animals in the field were collected, and examined by the miracidium hatching method. Results A total of 12 232（5 408/6 824）local residents were examined in 2016 and 2017 in the demonstration plot, of whom 152 showed positive serological test results and none showed positive fecal examination result. A total of 688 cattle were examined by serological test, of which only 1 showed positive result, and none showed positive fecal examination result. Meanwhile, 2 152 frames of snails were investigated in the 7 selected areas and 1 401 snails were obtained, including 1 398 live snails（427 frames）, with an average density of 3.27 live snails/frame. The LAMP results showed that 5 out of 24 tubes of mixed DNA resulted in positive products, distributed at 3 sites. A total of 825 cages/traps were placed,and only 35 rodents were captured, distributed at 6 sites. None of the rodents were found to be infected with Schistosoma japonicun after stool hatching, while microscopic examination of the liver tissue revealed two rodents in-fected with Clonorchis sinensis. The purchased 2 samples of wild boar liver and one wild rabbit also showed negative results of microscopic examination and fecal hatching. A total of 137 fecal samples were collected, mainly from two spots（54 and 44 from each）. The fecal samples were from cattle, goats, horses, swines and dogs, mostly from cattle（66 samples）, and least from swines（4）. Twenty-six were determined as positive by hatching, infection a positive rate of 19.0%, consisting of 15 cattle feces, 2 horse feces, 3 goat feces, 3 swine feces, and 3 dog feces.Conclusion No human cases of schistosomiasis were found in the demonstration plot. There has been a scenario of multiple livestock sources of infection in the demonstration plot, with an infection rate of 19.0% in livestock feces.The infected livestock feces are a crucial factor for the transmission of schistosomiasis in this area.
作者
吕超
周理源
幸小英
林丹丹
陈涛
陈锐
柯寒臣
汪洲
潘武
许静
秦志强
祝红庆
李石柱
LV Chao;ZHOU Li-yuan;XING Xiao-ying;LIN Dan-dan;CHEN Tao;CHEN Rui;KE Han-ehen;WANG Zhou;PAN Wu;XU Jing;QIN Zhi-qiangI;ZHU Hong-qing;LI Shi-zhu(National Institute of Parasitic Diseases,China Center for Disease Control and Prevention;Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Researc;WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Disease;National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases,Ministry of Science and Technolog;Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology,Ministry of Health,Shanghai 200025,China;2 Ruichang City Station for Schistosomiasis Control,Ruichang 332200,Chin;3 Jlangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Nanchang 330096,China)
出处
《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期333-339,共7页
Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(No.2016YFC1202000
No.2016YFC1202001)
上海市公共卫生第四轮三年行动计划(No.15GWZK0101)
国家传染病重大专项(No.2016ZX10004222-004)~~
关键词
血吸虫病
野生动物
钉螺
野粪调查
Schistosomiasis
Wildlife
Snail
Investigation of field feces
