摘要
【目的】了解天宝岩国家级自然保护区森林演替发展趋势,可以更好地为保护区制定管理政策保护珍稀植物和生物多样性提供科学依据。【方法】借助空间直观景观模型LANDIS Pro 7.0对福建天宝岩国家级自然保护区未来300年(2016—2316年)的森林景观演变进行模拟,采用Fragstats 3.3景观格局分析软件对树种面积变化、景观聚集度、分维度、多样性指数进行分析,并对各个树种在模拟时间内的龄级组成进行分析。【结果】在演替时段内,除毛竹林外所有树种斑块分维度均在1.00~1.06之间,表明其景观斑块形状较规则且变化不大。多样性指数呈现先上升后下降趋势,均匀度指数呈现先下降后上升的趋势,且变化速度在逐渐变缓,表明树种逐渐趋于稳定。阔叶林聚集度先增加后保持稳定,其面积则始终保持增长,至演替结束,以成熟林和幼龄林为主;猴头杜鹃林、长苞铁杉林聚集度在整个演替时段内呈增加趋势,其面积在演替中后期有所增加,且以幼龄林的增加为主;杉木林面积在前150年增长,此期间幼龄林比重也在逐渐上升;后150年面积保持稳定,至演替结束,以中龄林和近熟林为主;聚集度虽保持稳定但略有增加;柳杉林聚集度在演替前100年保持稳定而后200年有所降低,至演替后期,整个柳杉林以过熟林为主,中龄林次之;马尾松林在整个演替过程中均以过熟林为主,幼龄林和中龄林比例很低;毛竹林在演替后期以过熟林占据主要地位,其次是成熟林;且马尾松林和毛竹林在演替期间聚集度均呈现降低的趋势。【结论】天宝岩森林景观的演替会依据一定的规律向顶级群落常绿阔叶林演替;马尾松林、柳杉林、毛竹林在群落中随时间的推移会逐渐被取代;杉木林、长苞铁杉林和猴头杜鹃林,在演替时段内表现出良好的发展趋势。
[Objective] This study aims to understand the developing trend of forest succession inTianbaoyan National Nature Reserve,Fujian Province of southern China and provide a scientific basis for the development of management policies to protect the rare plants and biodiversity. [Method]Using the spatially explicit landscape simulation model LANDIS Pro 7. 0,this paper analyzed the forest landscape evolution of Fujian Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve by stimulating the dynamics of vegetation ＇s ecological succession in the next 300 years（ 2016-2316）. The landscape statistical analysis software Fragstats 3. 3 was used to calculate the area percentage of dominate tree species, the landscape aggregation,the fractal dimensions,the diversity and evenness indices. And the variation tendency of all species＇ age-classes during simulation time was analyzed. [Result] During the succession period,the patch dimensions of all tree species except for Phyllostachys hetericycla ranged in 1. 00-1. 06,indicating that the shape of the landscape patch was relatively regular and not much changed. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index SHDI showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,the Shannon-Weiner eveness index showed a trend of falling first and then rising. Moreover,their speed of change gradually slowed,indicating that the change of tree species gradually stabilized. The degree of aggregation of broadleaved forests remained stable for 150 years after the increase in the first 150 years,and its area kept growing until the end of succession,with mature forests and young forests as the main factors; the aggregation of Rhododendron simiarum and Tsuga longibracteata increased during the entire succession period,and their area also increased during the middle and later periods of succession,and the increase was mainly in young forests. The area of Cunninghamia lanceolata increased in the first 150 years,and the proportion of young forests also gradually increased during this period; the area after the first 150 years remained stable until the end of succession, mainly in middle-age forests and near-mature forests; the degree of aggregation remained stable but increased slightly; the degree of aggregation of Cryptomeria fortunei kept stable during the first 100 years of succession and decreased during the later 200 years. At the later stage of succession,the entire forest was dominated by over-matured forests,followed by middle-age forests;the forest of Pinus massoniana was dominated by over-matured forests throughout the entire succession period. The proportion of young and middle-aged forests was very low. Also, over-matured forest occupied a major position and mature forests followed in the Phyllostachys hetericycla forest. Moreover,the degree of aggregation of Casuarina equisetifolia and Phyllostachys hetericycla was decreasing during the succession period. [Conclusion] The results show that the populations of broadleaved tree species will increasing and moving to the direction of complex zonal evergreen broadleaved forest system; the forest of Casuarina equisetifolia,Cryptomeria fortunei and Phyllostachys hetericycla will gradually be replaced in the community over time; the forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata,Tsuga longibracteata and Rhododendron simiarum shows a good developing trend during the succession period.
作者
周梦遥
游巍斌
林美娇
刘君成
林雪儿
何东进
刘进山
蔡昌棠
Zhou Mengyao;You Weibin;Lin Meijiao;Liu Juncheng;Lin Xueer;He Dongjin;Liu Jinshan;Cai Changtang(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China;Jinshan College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China;Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve,Yongan 366032,Fujian,China)
出处
《北京林业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第8期12-22,共11页
Journal of Beijing Forestry University
基金
国家教育部博士科学点基金项目(20103515110005)
国家自然科学基金项目(31370624)
福建省自然科学基金项目(2008J0116
2011J01071)
校科技创新项目(KF2015032
KF2015033)
