摘要
目的了解北京市石景山区学生家长和孕妇等重点人群有关碘缺乏病的知识、态度、行为及购盐和用盐情况,为防控工作提供基线资料和科学依据。方法 2017年9月在北京市石景山区随机抽取310名学生家长、141名孕妇开展问卷调查,并获取人群碘缺乏病相关知识、态度和购盐、用盐情况等资料。结果学生家长和孕妇对碘缺乏病及其危害的知晓比例分别为94.68%和98.00%,正确知晓预防缺碘方法的比例为84.48%,补碘态度正确比例为50.55%;学生家长对碘缺乏病的了解程度高于孕妇人群(χ2=6.75,P<0.05),但孕妇知晓缺碘可造成智力损害(χ2=3.87)和流产(χ2=26.11)的比例明显高于学生家长(均P<0.05);调查人群中听说过"人群碘营养过剩,甲状腺疾病高发"及类似观点的比例为60.09%,其中56.09%的人认同此观点并会主动减少碘的摄入;人群选择专门购买碘盐、无碘盐及两者交替购买分别占46.34%,3.33%和36.14%,学生家长(50.64%)购买碘盐的比例高于孕妇人群(36.88%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.39,P<0.05)。结论北京市石景山区人群碘缺乏病及其危害的知晓率较高,但补碘态度和行为受错误认知影响较大;加强重点人群特别是孕妇碘缺乏病的健康宣传教育和碘盐市场监管是目前碘缺乏病防治工作的重点。
Objective To understand the situation of knowledge, attitude and practice（KAP） on iodine deficiency disorders（IDD）, as well as purchase and usage of salt among parents of students and pregnant women in Shijingshan district of Beijing,and provide scientific basis for IDD prevention. Methods There were 310 parents of students and 141 pregnant women randomly selected to conduct questionnaire survey on KAP of IDD and purchase and usage of salt in Shijingshan district of Beijing in September, 2017. Results The awareness rate of IDD and health consequences were 94.68% in the parents of students and 98.00% in the pregnant women. The composition ratio of people knew the correct methods to prevent IDD was84.48%. The correct rate of attitude to iodine supplementation was 50.55%. The parents of students knew more about IDD than pregnant women did（χ2=6.75, P〈0.05）, but the awareness rate of IDD causing intellectual damage and miscarriage was higher in the pregnant women than in the parents of students（χ2=3.87, P〈0.05）. The people heard＂iodine excess in the population causes high incidence of thyroid diseases＂or similar views accounted for 60.09%, and 56.09% of these people agreed to this view and actively reduced iodine intake. The composition ratio of people purchasing iodized salt, non-iodized salt and alternation purchase of both accounted for 46.34%, 3.33% and 36.14%, respectively. The proportion of buying iodized salt was higher in the parents of students（50.64%） than in the pregnant women, with statistical difference（χ2=7.39, P〈0.05）. Conclusions The awareness rate of IDD and health consequences is high in the residents of Shijingshan district of Beijing, but the attitude and behavior of iodine supplementation are greatly affected by wrong cognition. It is the key point to strengthen the health education of IDD in the key population, especially in the pregnant women and the supervision of the iodized salt market.
作者
白云
任丽君
BAI Yun;REN Li-jun(The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shijingshan District,Beijing 100043,China)
出处
《疾病预防控制通报》
2018年第4期40-43,47,共5页
Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)
