摘要
It is well-known that gender differences exist in the onset, progression, and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases （CVDs）, and that risk factors such as high blood pressure and lipid profiles vary between men and women, Cur- rently, sex differences are stressed as important variables to take into account when examining the etiology of CVD. Genome-wide association studies of CVD have employed the sex as a covariate in their analytical models, but generally disregarded potential genetic heterogeneity （GHS） attributable to sex.
