摘要
目的 了解青海省海东地区饮茶型氟中毒流行情况，为今后饮茶型氟中毒防治提供依据。方法 2016年5 - 7月，按照《全国饮茶型地方性氟中毒流行现状调查方案》，在青海省选取海东地区所辖6个县，进行横断面调查。每个县按东、西、南、北、中方位各抽取1个乡（镇），每个乡（镇）抽取1个行政村作为调查点。采集水样、砖茶样、尿样检测氟离子含量，并检查8 - 12岁儿童氟斑牙及成人氟骨症情况。氟含量测定采用氟离子选择电极法［地方性氟中毒病区饮水氟化物的测定方法（WS／T 106-1999）、尿中氟的离子选择电极测定法（WS／T 30-1996）、砖茶含氟量（GB 19965-2005）］，氟斑牙检查采用Dean法，氟骨症诊断参照《地方性氟骨症诊断标准》（WS 192-2008）。结果 共检测57份水样，水氟均值为0.25 mg／L。共采集56份砖茶样，茶氟均值为724.71 mg／kg，明显高于国家标准（300 mg／kg）。共采集儿童尿样1 207份，尿氟几何均数为0.57 mg／L；共检测成人尿样1 428份，尿氟几何均数为0.62 mg／L。共检查8 - 12岁儿童2 677名，儿童氟斑牙检出率为15.09%（404／2 677），氟斑牙流行指数为0.26。共检查1 968名成人，临床氟骨症检出率为2.44%（48／1 968）。结论 青海省海东地区6个县砖茶氟含量高于国家标准。当地居民仍受高氟砖茶危害，应继续加强健康教育宣传。
Objective To understand the epidemiological prevalence of drinking-tea type fluorosis in Haidong Region, Qinghai Province, and provide scientific data for its prevention and control. Methods According to the investigation plan of drinking-tea type fluorosis in China, cross sectional survey was adopted to select 6 counties in Haidong Prefecture from May to July in 2016. Five townships were selected according to the eastern, western, north and south directions, 1 administrative village was randomly selected in each township （town） as the survey site. Water and brick tea samples were collected to test fluoride ion concentration; dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years and adult skeletal fluorosis were examined. Fluorine ion selective electrode was used to determine fluoridated fluoride （WS/T 106-1999）, fluorine in urine （WS/T 30-1996） and fluorine content in brick tea （GB 19965-2005）. Dental fluorosis was examined by Deans method. The diagnosis of skeletal fluorosis was referred to the ＂Diagnostic Criteria for Endemic skeletal Fluorosis＂ （WS 192-2008）. Results Fifty-seven drinking-water and 56 brick-tea samples were determined, the means of fluoride in drinking water and brick-tea were 0.25 mg/L and 724.71 mg/kg [which was significantly higher than the national standard （300 mg / kg）], respectively. Totally 1 207 urinary samples of children and 1 428 urinary samples of adults were determined, the geometric means of urinary fluoride of children and adults were 0.57 and 0.62 mg/L, respectively; 2 677 children and 1 968 adults were examined, the rate of dental fluorosis among children was 15.09% （404/2 677）, its index was 0.26, the prevalence rate of clinic skeletal fluorosis among adults was 2.44% （48/1 968）. Conclusion The fluoride content of brick tea in 6 counties of Haidong Prefecture of Qinghai is higher than that of the national standard. Local residents are still exposed to high fluoride brick tea, and health education and publicity should continue to be strengthened.
作者
李强
赵志军
周昕
杨佩珍
Li Qiang;Zhao Zhijun;Zhou Xin;Yang Peizhen(Department for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control,Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control,Xining 811602,China)
出处
《中华地方病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第9期742-745,共4页
Chinese Journal of Endemiology
关键词
氟中毒
牙
茶
氟骨症
尿
Fluorosis
dental
Tea
Skeletal fluorosis
Urine
