摘要
目的调查高原官兵的膳食结构和身体状况,为指导部队合理膳食,提高高原官兵的膳食营养水平提供依据。方法选取驻海拔3 680 m高原地区陆军某部一个伙食单位就餐人员(青年男性官兵)190名,采取称量法进行连续4 d的膳食调查;同时利用体质量身体脂肪测量器及皮脂测量仪进行体格检查;抽取官兵空腹全血,进行血样生化检查,测定贫血3项、全血矿物质8项以及血清维生素A、血清维生素D、血清维生素E等生化指标。并以GJB 826A-2010《军人食物定量》、GJB 823B-2016《军人营养素供给量》、GJB 1636A-2016《军队营养调查与评价方法》和血样检测结果参考值为依据进行评价。结果膳食调查结果显示该部官兵肉类、禽蛋及食用菌等食物摄入充足,但鱼虾、蔬菜、水果、大豆和牛奶等食物摄入量不足,部分食物摄入低于标准的50%;蛋白质、铁、维生素E等多数营养素供给达标,但钙、锌、碘、维生素A、维生素B_1、维生素B_2摄入量不足;能量摄入量达标,其中3大营养素蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物供能所占比例分别为12.0%、45. 0%、43. 0%,脂肪供能比偏高,蛋白质和碳水化合物供能比未达到标准;体质指数在18.5～23.9范围内的官兵有91名,占比为75. 8%,表明大多数官兵营养状况正常,但也存在慢性营养不良的情况。血样检测结果显示,官兵多种营养素在标准范围内,但维生素D和钙普遍缺乏,铁元素部分人员超标。结论部分人员存在营养不良的情况,维生素D和钙缺乏明显,还需调整膳食结构和进行营养宣教来改善高原部队膳食营养现状。
Objective To investigate the dietary structure and physical condition of officers and soldiers at high altitude in order to guide the troops for a rational diet and provide a strong basis for improving the dietary and nutritional status for them. Methods A total of 190 young male officers and soldiers from a troop located at an altitude of 3 680 m above sea level were subjected in this study. A dietary survey for continuous 4 days was carried out by weighing the foods they toke. Physical examination was carried out using body fat measuring device and sebum meter. Fasting whole blood samples was collected from the officers and soldiers for biochemical tests, 3 anemia items, 8 trace elements in whole blood and serum biochemical contents such as vitamins A, D and E. Military Food Ration （GJB 826A-2010）, Army Soldiers Food Nutrients Supply （GJB 823B-2016）, Army Nutrition Surveys and Evaluation Methods （GJB 1636A-2016）, and reference ranges for blood tests were employed to evaluate the obtained indexes. Results The results of the dietary survey showed that there were adequate intakes of foodstuffs such as meat, eggs and edible mushrooms, but insufficient intakes of fish, shrimp, vegetables, fruits, soybeans and cow milk, and some intakes were below the 50% of standard values. Most nutrients, including protein, iron, vitamin E and other nutrient supplies met the standards of supplying, but the intakes of calcium, zinc, iodine, and vitamins A, and B2 did not achieve the supply standards. Their energy supply was up to standard, with the 3 major nutrients （protein, fat and carbohydrate） accounting for 12.0%, 45.0% and 43.0%; but the ratio of fat was quite high, while those of protein and carbohydrate were lower in the energy supply. There were 91 subjects （75.8%） at a BMI range of 18.5 to 23.9, indicating that most officers and soldiers have normal nutritional status, but there are still some of chronic malnutrition. Blood test results showed that many nutrients were in the standard ranges, but vitamin D and calcium were generally deficient, and iron element exceeded the standard in some subjects. Conclusion Malnutrition is found in some of the staffs, with obvious deficiencies of vitamin D and calcium. Dietary structure and nutritional education should also be adjusted to improve the nutritional status of the plateau troops.
作者
张星弛
邵剑钢
贾先勇
李晓莉
张钢
ZHANG Xingchi1 , SHAO Jiangang1 , JIA Xianyong2, LI Xiaoli1, ZHANG Gang3(1Faculty of Military Procurement, Army Logistics University, Chongqing, 401331; 2Chengdu Military Material Purchasing and Supply Station, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610066; 3Facuhy of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University （Third Military Medical University）, Chongqing, 400038, China)
出处
《第三军医大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第19期1717-1722,共6页
Journal of Third Military Medical University
基金
全军后勤科研"十二五"重大项目(AWS14L005)
军队创新工程专项(16CXZ014)~~
关键词
高原地区
膳食营养
调查
评价分析
plateau area
dietary nutrition
survey
appraisal analysis
