摘要
俄罗斯经济有明显的非优性特征,突出表现在经济增长的不稳定性、地区发展的不均衡性、产业布局的不协调性和产业结构低端化的超稳定性。经济非优性的形成是多种因素作用的结果,其中地理因素起着基础性和决定性的作用。俄罗斯疆域辽阔,各地经济地理第一天性差异巨大,突出表现在"极北地区"气候条件严酷,生活和生产成本高于其他地区;地区间相距遥远,交通运输成本高,不利于产业发展;地区间自然资源和人口配置错位,造成地区经济与社会发展失衡。历史所形成的产业和城市布局等第二天性制约着今天经济的协调发展,表现在多数城市的规模相对较小,难以成为驱动地区经济发展的中心,城市布局分散,无法发挥出集聚效应。俄罗斯政府近年来采取了诸如建立经济特区、超前经济发展区和自由港等措施,意在构建新的地区经济增长极,这些措施的实施及效果有待观察。
The Russian economy has obvious non-optimal characteristics, which are highlighted by the instability of economic growth, the imbalance of regional development, the inconsistency of industrial layout, and the ultra-stability of low-end industrial structure. The economic non-optimality is the result of a variety of factors, among which geographical factors play a fundamental and decisive role. Russia has a vast territory, and differences in the first nature, that is, the economic geography among regions are huge. In particular, the climatic conditions in the “Northern Region” are severe, and living and production costs are higher than other regions. Regions are far away from each other and transportation costs are high, which are not conducive to industrial development. Dislocation of natural resources and population allocation between regions has caused imbalances in regional economic and social development. The second nature of industries and urban layout, formed by history, restricts the coordinated development of today＇s economy. It is manifested in the relatively small scale of most cities, which is difficult to become the center in promoting regional economic development. The urban layout is scattered and cannot exert agglomeration effects. In recent years, the Russian government has taken measures such as the establishment of special economic zones, territories of Advanced Socio-economic Development and free ports, aiming at constructing new regional economic growth poles. The implementation and effects of these measures remain to be observed.
出处
《俄罗斯研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第4期6-29,共24页
Russian Studies
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"'一带一路'框架下中俄合作的机制
模式和路径研究"(项目批准号:17JJDGJW004)的阶段性成果
