摘要
鸦片战争前后,中国曾在中英茶叶贸易中处于绝对垄断地位。为扭转中英贸易逆差,英国对华走私鸦片以吸取中国白银,导致清廷出现严重的财政危机。为挽救财政危局,士绅提出"以茶制夷"之策。但英国依靠中英《南京条约》的庇护,并在其印锡殖民地试种茶叶反制其策,导致该策流产,华茶失去了垄断地位,日渐衰退。为振兴华茶,士绅继而提出效法印锡茶叶产销方法,实施"茶业改良"。中国士绅"以茶制夷"向"茶业改良"观念的嬗变,在一定程度上折射出士绅的世界观在变动的世局下被迫从"天朝上国的自我封闭"走向"注目世界而日渐趋新"的近代化转型。
Before and after the Opium War, China had been in an absolute monopolistic position during the Sino-British tea trade. Britain had smuggled opium to China to absorb Chinese silver for reversing the British＇s tea trade deficit with China. Thus it had led the Qing Government to a serious financial crisis. To save the financial crisis, the gentry had proposed the strategy＂controlling the barbarians with tea＂. But Britain had relied on the Sino-British Treaty of Nanjing, and had been in the process of the trial of tea in the colonies of India and Ceylon, that had led to the abortion of the gentry＇s controlling the barbarians with tea. Then, Chinese tea had lost its monopoly and had been declined. For revitalizing Chinese tea, gentry then had put forward the method of learning from India and Ceylon to reform tea making technology. The change of Chinese gentry＇s concept of ＂controlling the barbarians with tea＂ to ＂reforming tea making industry＂ reflects to some extent, that gentry＇s world view had been forced from the ＂self-sealing of the country of heaven＂ to the modern transformation of ＂the world changing rapidly＂.
出处
《农业考古》
2018年第2期110-117,共8页
Agricultural Archaeology
基金
浙江省哲学社会科学规划一般项目"经济全球化视阈下华茶国际贸易波动与国民政府对策研究(1927~1949)"(项目编号:14NDJC046YB)
关键词
士绅观念
以茶制夷
茶业改良
中英茶叶贸易
The Gentry＇s Concept
Control the barbarians with tea
Tea industry to improve
$ino-British tea trade
