摘要
高速公路隧道单调的光环境,会导致隧道中部时空隧道效应和隧道出入口"黑洞"、"白洞"效应;使驾驶员低估车速,高估跟车距离,诱发追尾、撞侧墙等事故.文中在总结现有高速公路隧道光环境改善方法基础上,提出高速公路隧道光环境改善新思路,通过加强隧道内弱视觉参照系,缓和隧道出入口视觉参照系的剧烈过渡,来合理控制驾驶员视错觉及不良驾驶行为,进而减少高速公路隧道交通事故.具体利用逆反射设施强化高速公路隧道内局部亮度及对比度,通过构建多频、多尺寸、多形状的诱导系统,构建安全型高速公路隧道视觉参照系,提升驾驶员对速度、距离、方向、位置的准确感知,优化视距视区,并提出了以视错觉、注视点分布和反应时间为评价指标的评价体系.该视线诱导系统适用于低照度的高速公路隧道的交通事故预防.
The monotonous light environment of highway tunnels will lead to the time tunnel effect in the middle of the tunnel and the“black hole” and“white hole”effects at the entrance and exit of the tunnel,thus causing drivers to underestimate the speed of the vehicle, overestimate the distance to the vehicle, and lead to accidents such as rear-end collision and side wall collision.Based on summarizing the improvement methods of highway tunnel light environment, this paper puts forward a new approach to improve the tunnel light environment. By strengthening the weak visual frame of reference in the tunnel and easing the sharp transition of the visual frame of reference at the entrance and exit of the tunnel, the driver’s visual illusion and bad driving behavior can be reasonably controlled, thus reducing highway tunnel traffic accidents. The local brightness and contrast in the highway tunnel are enhanced by the use of retroreflective facilities. By constructing a multi-frequency, multi-size and multi-shape guidance system, the visual reference system of the safe highway tunnel is constructed to improve drivers’ accurate perception of speed, distance, direction and position, and optimize the visual range. Then an evaluation system with visual illusion, gaze distribution and reaction time as evaluation indicators is proposed. The sight guidance system is suitable for the traffic accident prevention of highway tunnels with low illumination.
作者
杜志刚
余昕宇
向一鸣
徐弯弯
DU Zhigang;YU Xinyu;XIANG Yiming;XU Wanwan(School of Transportation,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430080,China;Guizhou Transportation Planning Survey and Design Academe CO.LTD.,Guiyang 550000,China)
出处
《武汉理工大学学报（交通科学与工程版）》
2018年第5期715-719,共5页
Journal of Wuhan University of Technology（Transportation Science & Engineering）
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51578433)
贵州省交通运输厅科技项目(2017123031)
武汉理工大学自主创新研究基金项目(1852022004)资助
关键词
事故预防
高速公路隧道光环境
诱导系统
视觉参照系
视错觉
traffic accident prevention
highway tunnel light environment
guidance system
visual reference system
visual illusion
