摘要
为国家农业化肥"减量化"政策的制定提供参考,以江苏稻谷种植为例,基于随机前沿生产函数测算2004-2016年江苏稻谷生产的化肥施用效率,并探讨化肥施用效率与种植规模之间的关系,在此基础上考察农业化肥施用效率的提升效应与提升路径。结果表明:1)江苏稻谷生产的化肥施用效率为0.77,苏南、苏中和苏北稻谷生产的化肥施用效率差异较小,随着时间变化,苏南地区的化肥施用效率呈递减趋势,苏中和苏北地区呈略微增加趋势。2)稻谷生产的化肥施用效率和规模之间呈"倒U形"关系,且种植规模在3.33~6.67hm^2时化肥施用效率最高。3)如果能够有效消除化肥施用效率损失,在保持稻谷产出和其他要素投入不变的情况下,稻谷生产化肥施用折纯量平均可以减少7.54kg/667m^2。其中,徐州、扬州、淮安、宿迁和连云港等稻谷产量较多的地区化肥潜在削减量较大。4)稻谷种植规模、家庭农业决策者年龄、化肥价格、稻谷生产补贴等对化肥施用效率均有显著正向影响。
To provide references for national policy formulation of agricultural fertilizer reduction, in this paper the authors take Jiangsu rice planting as an example, estimate the fertilizer efficiency of rice production in Jiangsu Province from 2004 to 2016 based on the stochastic frontier production function, then discuss the relationship between fertilizers efficiency and cultivation scale. On this basis, investigate the improvement effect and path of fertilizer application efficiency. Results： 1） The average fertilizer application efficiency of Jiangsu rice production was 0.77 There was no significant difference among the three areas of southern Jiangsu, central Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu, and the fertilizer application efficiency decreased gradually with time in southern Jiangsu. There was a slight increase in central and northern Jiangsu. 2） There was an inverted U-shaped relationship between fertilizer application efficiency and fertilizer scale in rice production, and the fertilizer application efficiency was the highest at 3.33～6.67 hm 2. 3） If the loss of fertilizer application efficiency can be effectively eliminated, the reduced application rate of fertilizer in rice production can be reduced by 7.54 kg/667m 2 on average while the rice output and other factor inputs were kept constant. Among them, Xuzhou, Yangzhou, Huaian, Suqian, Lianyungang and other areas were of more rice yield potential reduction of chemical fertilizer. 4） The scale of rice planting, the age of decision-maker in family agriculture, the price of chemical fertilizers and the subsidy of rice production all had significant positive effects on the efficiency of chemical fertilizer application.
作者
王善高
毛瑜炜
刘余
雷昊
WANG Shangao;MAO Yuwei;LIU Yu;LEI Hao(College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China)
出处
《贵州农业科学》
CAS
2018年第10期150-155,共6页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"新时期农业发展的国家政策支持体系研究"(71333008)
国家社科基金重大项目"加快构建新型农业经营体系研究"(14ZDA037)
关键词
化肥施用效率
提升效应
提升路径
随机前沿分析
fertilizer application efficiency
improvement effect
improvement path
stochastic frontier analysis
