摘要
目的了解泰安市农村中小学生视力不良现状及其影响因素,为学生近视防控提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取农村中学、小学各1所,共764名中小学生进行视力检查及其影响因素问卷调查,率的比较采用χ2检验,多因素分析采用logistic回归分析。结果中小学生视力不良总检出率为61.3%,其中,轻度23.3%,中度23.3%,重度14.7%。男生视力不良检出率60.5%,女生视力不良检出率62.5%。视力不良检出率随年级的升高而升高,初中生视力不良检出率(70.0%)显著高于小学生(49.1%)。睡眠时间<9 h的学生视力不良检出率(63.4%)显著高于睡眠时间≥9 h的学生(53.8%)。经常吃甜食、经常吃膨化食品的中小学生视力不良检出率较高。经常喝牛奶、天天吃鸡蛋的中小学生视力不良检出率较低。每周上体育课次数≥3次、每天课业负担不重能轻松应付者视力不良检出率较低。每天体育锻炼时间<1 h者视力不良检出率较高。多因素logistic回归分析显示:平时吃膨化食品情况、每天课业负担情况为保护因素,年级为危险因素。结论泰安市农村中小学生视力不良较严重,影响因素众多,建立良好的饮食习惯和行为习惯,指导学生养成良好的用眼行为,可以有效降低中小学生视力不良检出率。
Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of poor eyesight among primary and middleschool students in rural areas of Tai＇an City,so as to provide the evidence for the prevention and control of myopia.Methods A total of 764 students from a primary school and a middle school in rural areas were extracted by using the stratified clusterrandom sampling method for visual inspection and questionnaire survey with the influencing factors of poor eyesight,and thedata were analyzed by using χ^2 test and logistic regression analysis.Results The total detection rate of poor eyesight in pri-mary and secondary school students was 61.3%,among them,23.3% were mild,23.3% were moderate,and 14.7% were se-vere.The poor vision detection rate of the boys was 60.5%,and the detection rate of the girls was 62.5%.The detection rate ofpoor visual acuity increased with the increase of the grade.The detection rate of poor eyesight of the junior high school stu-dents（70%） was significantly higher than that of primary school students（49.1%）.The detection rate of poor eyesight of thestudents whose sleep time 9 hours was 63.4%,which was significantly higher than that of the students whose sleep time 9 hours（53.8%）.The detection rate of poor eyesight of the students who often had sweets and puffed food was higher.However,the detection rate of poor eyesight of the students who often had milk and eggs was lower.The detection rate of poor eyesight ofthe students who often had physical education more than 3 times a week and whose schoolwork burden was not heavy was low-er,but the detection rate of poor eyesight of the students who had physical exercises less than 1 hour a day was higher.Themultivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the well situation of having puffed food and daily schoolwork burden wasa protective factor,but the high grade was a risk factor.Conclusion The poor eyesight of primary and middle school stu-dents in Tai′ an City is very serious and there are a lot of influencing factors.We should establish a good diet and behaviorhabits,and guidethestudentstodevelopgoodbehaviorwith theeyesinordertoeffectivelyreducethepooreyesight detection rate.
作者
赵爱华
马德珍
ZHAO Ai-hua;MA De-zhen(Tai＇an Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Tai＇an 271000,Shandong,China)
出处
《中国校医》
2018年第9期676-678,681,共4页
Chinese Journal of School Doctor
基金
2013-2015年泰安市科技局计划项目(201340629)
