摘要
目的分析2012-2015年辽阳市麻疹流行病学特征,为完善消除麻疹策略和措施提供科学依据及参考。方法用描述流行病学方法,对辽阳市2012-2015年实验室麻疹确诊病例进行分析。结果辽阳市2012-2015年共报告麻疹实验室确诊病例526例,平均发病率为9.25/10万;病例主要集中在2014年,共报告512例,发病率为27.96/10万;发病高峰在3-4月份;农村、乡镇和城区均有病例报告,农村地区发病率最高为10.58/10万;≤8月龄组发病率最高为100.76/10万,≥15岁年龄组发病所占病例比例最高为71.10%;男女发病性别比为1.31∶1;职业分布以农民、散居儿童和学生为主;接种含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV) 83例,占全部病例的15.78%;接种MCV 0剂次63例,占11.98%;不详380例,占72.24%;免疫史来源通过家长回忆最多占67.47%。结论应不断加强麻疹监测工作,提高麻疹监测质量,尤其是农村麻疹疫情监测,全面推进乡镇集中预防接种工作。在保持较高常规免疫接种率同时,适时开展适龄儿童和重点人群的MCV补充免疫活动。大年龄组人群可采用灵活可行的综合防控措施。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of measles prevalence in Liaoyang city from 2012 to 2015 and provide the scientific basis and reference for measles elimination in the further improvement of strategies and measures.Methods The measles laboratory confirmed cases collected in Liaoyang city from 2012 to 2015 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Results Totally 526 measles laboratory confirmed cases were reported during 2012 to 2015 and the average incidence rate was 9.25 per 100 thousand.512 cases were reported in 2014 and the incidence rate was 27.96 per 100 thousand. The epidemic peak appeared from March to April. Cases were reported in rural areas,town and city and the highest accidence rate was 10.58 per 100 thousand in the rural area. The highest accidence rate was 100.76 per 100 thousand within 8 months old and the highest proportion of cases was 71.10% over 15 years old. The sex ratio was 1.31 ∶1.The occupation of cases mainly were peasants,scattered children and students. Of the measles cases,83（ 15.78%） cases vaccinated through measles containing vaccine（ MCV）,63（ 11.98%） cases were not and 380（ 72.24%） cases had not the clear immunization records. The proportion was 67.47% by parents＇ memory on their children＇s immunization status. Conclusion It should be constantly strengthen the measles epidemic monitoring and improve the quality of measles surveillance especially in rural areas,and comprehensively promote the work of centralized vaccination in rural areas. MCV supplementary immunization activity among eligible children and key population should be conducted with maintaining higher routine immunization coverage.The flexible,practical and comprehensive prevention and control measures of measles are used to the elder group.
作者
王纯明
WANG Chun-ming(Liaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevetion, Liaoyang Liaoning 111000, China)
出处
《中国卫生工程学》
CAS
2018年第5期684-687,共4页
Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering
关键词
麻疹
实验室确诊病例
流行病学特征
补充免疫
集中接种
Measles
Laboratory confirmed cases
Epidemiological characteristics
Supplementary immunization
Centralize inoculate
