摘要
目的通过分析北京市新发石棉肺病例中家纺石棉接触人员发病特点,探讨家纺石棉作业对家庭和社会所造成的危害,为职业病防治工作提供科学依据。方法根据石棉暴露原因将石棉肺病例分为家纺石棉组和工矿企业组。统计分析两组病例在性别、期别、开始接尘年龄、诊断年龄和潜伏期等方面的差异。结果 2006年以后北京市家纺石棉病发病持续处于较高水平,并在2015年超过工矿企业组;家纺石棉组女性所占比例、贰期及以上病例所占比例和潜伏期显著高于工矿企业组(P<0.05);家纺石棉组开始接尘年龄和接尘工龄显著低于工矿企业组(P<0.05)。结论家纺石棉作业主要受害者为家庭女性及其未成年子女,伦理问题突出;并且由于石棉肺潜伏期长,危害几十年难以消除,应加强石棉作业工人的追踪、随访工作,及早发现病人并给于干预。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of incidence of asbestosis in family workshop and to reveal the hazard to family and society caused by asbestos operation in family workshop, to provide the scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in Beijing. Methods According to asbestos exposure method, cases of asbestosis were divided into family workshop asbestos operation group and mining enterprise asbestos operation group. Statistic analysis was performed to determine the difference in gender, asbestosis stages, first exposure time, age of diagnosis and latency between two groups. Results The incidence rate of asbestosis in family workshop group was continued to be kept at a high level after 2006, and exceeded that in mining enterprise group since 2015 in Beijing; the proportion of female workers, the incidence rate of asbestosis stage II and above, the duration of latency in family workshop group were higher than those in mining enterprise group, the difference is significant（P〈0.05）. On comparing age of first exposure between two groups, the earliest age of family workshop group was lower than that of mining enterprise group and the difference was significant（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The main victims of asbestos operation in family workshop were female workers and their minor children, and it was a seriously ethical problem. Because of physical characteristics and long latency of asbestos, it was hardly eliminated in several decades. We should enhance the health surveillance among asbestos operation workers in family workshop and strengthen follow-up to undertake diagnosis and interventions as early as possible.
作者
李海月
于贵新
张非若
叶研
林英
李征
刘丽霞
沈壮
LI Hai-yue;YU Gui-xin;ZHANG Fei-ruo;YE Yan;LIN Ying;LI Zheng;LIU Li-xia;SHEN Zhuang(Beijing Center for Diseases Control and Prevention/ Beijing Center for Preventive Medicine Research,Beijing 100013,China)
出处
《首都公共卫生》
2018年第5期231-234,共4页
Capital Journal of Public Health
关键词
石棉肺
职业病
家庭作坊
职业卫生
Asbestosis
Occupational Diseases
Family workshop
Occupational Heahh
