摘要
目的了解北京市密云区6～14岁中小学生及其家长对学生体型认知情况及其相关影响因素。方法采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样法,抽取本地区小学、中学各4所,包含一、三、五和初一年级学生共计558人及其家长作为研究对象进行问卷调查,以体重指数(BMI)为依据客观评价学生体型;结果 558名中小学生,超重率为19.2%,肥胖率为20.4%;46.6%学生、44.4%家长能够正确认知学生自身体型;超重肥胖学生及家长低估学生体型者分别占67.8%、71.6%,与体重正常学生及其家长相比较(学生低估率38.1%、家长低估率41.2%),差异均具有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);学生对自身体型的正确认知率与年龄呈正相关;少数民族的家长对学生体型正确认知率高于汉族家长。不同性别、文化程度、亲缘关系、家庭收入的家长对学生体型认知的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。家长对学生体型认知与学生自身认知相关性显著(r=0.607,P﹤0.05)。结论密云区6～14岁中小学生及其家长对学生自身体型认知率较低,学生年龄与学生自身实际体型是认知率的相关影响因素,家长的正确认知是直接影响学生对自身体型认知的相关影响因素,应开展儿童保健健康教育,特别是家长的健康教育,控制学生体重和预防相关疾病的发生。
Objective To investigate the cognition on somatotype and related factors among 6-14 year old primary and middle school students and their parents in Miyun district, Beijing. Methods The stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 558 students and their parents of grades 1, 3 and 5 in four local primary schools and of grade 1 in four middle schools as the research subjects for the questionnaire survey. The body mass index（BMI） was used to evaluate the somatotype of the students. Results Among the 558 students, the overweight rate was 19.2% and the obesity rate was 20.4%. The students and parents who had correct perceptions on students＇ somatotype accounted for 46.6% and 44.4%, respectively. Over-weighted and obese students and their parents underestimating students＇ body shape accounted for 67.8% and 71.6%, respectively. Comparing to students with normal weight and their parents（underestimating rate of 38.1% among students and 41.2% among parents）, the difference was statistically significant（P 〈0.05）. The correct cognition rate of body shape among students was positively correlated with age, and the rate among parents of ethnic minorities was higher than that of Han parents. Parents with different gender, education, kinship and family income showed no significant differences in body shape cognition（P〉 0.05）. The correlation between parents‘ cognition of somatotype and students＇ self cognition was significant（r=0.607, P〈 0.05）. Conclusion The cognition rate of body shape among 6-14 years old students and their parents were relatively low in Miyun district. The age of students and their self cognition of body shape was the related factor of cognition rate. The correct knowledge of parents was the related factor that directly affect students＇ cognition of body shape. Health education for children should be carried out, especially for parents. So as to control students＇ weight and to prevent the occurrence of related diseases.
作者
赵颖慧
张杰
滕克强
ZHAO Ying-hui;ZHANG Jie;TENG Ke-qiang(Miyun District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 101500,China)
出处
《首都公共卫生》
2018年第5期270-273,共4页
Capital Journal of Public Health
关键词
体型认知
体重指数
中小学生
家长
Body cognition
Body mass index
Primary and secondary school students
Parents
