摘要
中国自然保护区建设起步较晚,在改革开放之前几乎处于停滞状态。改革开放40年来,中国自然保护区建设与管理发展迅速,已经取得了一定的成就:建立了较为完善的管理体制和运行机制;自然保护区类型多样化,就地保护了中国85%的陆地生态系统类型和85%的国家重点保护野生动植物种群;自然保护理念在公众中落地生根。中国自然保护区建设还面临很多挑战:人类活动对自然保护区的负面影响一直存在;自然保护区建设速度过快也会对当地土地权属和生态补偿造成负面影响;地方社会经济发展与自然保护区建设互有矛盾;对自然保护区建设过程中违法行为的监管存在漏洞。本文对中国未来更好地建设和管理自然保护区提出了展望,例如制定"自然保护地法",加大中央财政资金对自然保护区建设的投入力度,完善自然保护区生态补偿机制以及适时调整自然保护区的功能区与范围。
China is a late starter in the construction of nature reserves which was almost at a standstill before the reform and opening up. In the past 40 years of China＇s reform and opening up, the construction and management of nature reserves have developed rapidly in China, and some achiev^ncnts have been made： a relatively complete management system and operation mechanism has been established; The nature reserves with diversified types have locally protected 85% of terrestrial ecosystem types and 85% of China＇s key protected wildlife species; The concept of nature conservation takes root in public hearts. There are still many challenges in the construction of nature reserves in China： the negative impact of human activities remains; The rapid construction of nature reserves brings negative impacts; There are some contradictions between local social and economic development and the construction of nature reserves; The loopholes in the supervision of illegal activities can be found in the process of nature reserves constructiun. This article puts forward some prospects for better construction and management of nature reserves in the future. The central government should establish ＂the Law on Nature reserves＂, increase the investment of central financial funds for the construction of nature reserves, improve ecological compensation mechanism of nature reserves, and adjust the functional areas and scope of nature reserves in good time.
出处
《中国农村经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第10期93-106,共14页
Chinese Rural Economy
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目"保护与发展:社区视角下协调机制研究"(项目编号:71373024)
国家林业和草原局大熊猫国际资金项目"大熊猫保护区管理体制的研究"(项目编号:EB1416)的资助
关键词
自然保护区
成就
挑战与展望
保护与发展
建设与管理
Nature Reserve
Achievement
Challenge and Prospect
Protection and Development
Construction and Management
