摘要
目的了解甘肃省甘南藏族自治州法定传染病的流行特点及规律,为制定有效的防控措施提供科学依据。方法通过传染病疫情网络直报系统及甘南州法定传染病疫情监测获得资料,采用描述流行病学方法汇总分析2010—2016年甘南州法定传染病流行特征。结果 2010—2016年甘南州无甲类传染病报告,共计报告乙、丙类传染病27种27 543例,年均发病率537.42/10万、死亡率0.31/10万,不同年度传染病发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=480.64,P<0.01);以血源及性传播传染病(52.48%)和呼吸道传染病(27.43%)为主;发病最多的病种为乙型肝炎,年均发病率为161.31/10万;农民发病最多、牧民次之,以20~29岁为主,男性报告14 533例、占52.76%,女性13 010例、占47.24%,差异有统计学意义(c2=30.09,P<0.01),碌曲县和玛曲县发病居首位,舟曲县和临潭县发病较低,肠道传染病秋季多见,呼吸道传染病春季最多。结论甘南州无甲类传染病发病,但乙、丙类传染病存在不同程度的流行,乙型肝炎、肺结核病、皮肤炭疽和梅毒是现阶段传染病防控的重点;今后应加强针对性的宣传教育工作,制定有效的干预措施,降低传染病的发病率。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics and rules of notifiable infectious diseases in Gannan Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Gansu province, and provide scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures. Methods Data was collected from network direct reporting system of infectious disease and notifiable infectious disease surveillance in Gannan prefecture. The descriptive epidemiological method were taken to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Gannan prefecture from 2010—2016. Results There was no class A infectious disease reported and totally 27 543 cases of 27 kinds of class B and C infectious diseases were reported in Gannan prefecture from 2010 to 2016, with average annual incidence and mortality rate of 537.42/100 000 and 0.31/100 000,respectively. There was statistical difference in the annual incidences among years（χ2=480.64, P〈0.01）. The majority were blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases（52.48%） and respiratory infectious diseases（27.43%）. The most cases were hepatitis B with the average annual incidence of 161.31/100 000. Most cases were farmers, then herdsmen, and among the people at age of 20 to 29 years. There were 14 533 cases reported in the male（52.76%） and 13 010 cases in the female（47.24%）with statistical difference（χ2=30.09, P〈0.01）. The incidence of Luqu county and Maqu county ranked the top two, while the incidence was low in Zhouqu and Lintan county. The intestinal infectious diseases were more in autumn, and the respiratory infectious diseases were more in spring. Conclusions There is no class A infectious diseases reported in Gannan prefecture,but the epidemic of class B and C infectious diseases exists in different degrees. Hepatitis B, pulmonary tuberculosis, cutaneous anthrax and syphilis are the key to infectious disease prevention and control at present. The targeted propaganda and education should be strengthened; effective intervention needs to be developed to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases.
作者
芦娟
陈庆荣
周伟忠
LU Juan;CHEN Qing-rong;ZHOU Wei-zhong(The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Gannan Tibetan Prefecture,Hezuo,Gansu 747000,China)
出处
《疾病预防控制通报》
2018年第5期45-48,共4页
Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)
关键词
传染病
流行病学分析
发病率
Infectious disease
Epidemiological analysis
Incidence
