摘要
在人工智能发展史上,强人工智能("强AI")一直是一个争议不断但却又不断引发人们关注的议题。对于"强AI"理念,我们应合理看待其所发的各种争论:(1)"强AI"理念是推动人工智能界不断打破人机界限、使AI技术向前发展的重要信念;(2)"强AI"争论背后所反映的是不同社会要素,特别是"两种文化"(科学文化和人文文化)之间的张力,且AI界的这几种文化也经历着由对立、冲突,到逐渐的尝试性对话与合作这一过程。(3)AI界、哲学界在对待"强AI"这一议题的态度并非一成不变,AI界经历了一个由乐观与支持到悲观与放弃以及现在的谨慎心态,而哲学界对于"强AI"的态度则是沿着由批判与质疑到现在的大力宣扬这一路径演变,且当前他们对强AI所可能引发的风险更为忧虑。(4)"强AI"概念需要进行重新界定,使其成为科学而非单纯的"科幻式"概念,并给予强AI风险议题更多关注。
Throughout the history of artificial intelligence（AI）, ＂strong AI＂ has always been a controversial concept which constantly arouses people＇s concern. For the idea of ＂strong AI＂, we are expected to take a reasonable view of the various arguments it has caused： （1） The idea of ＂strong AI＂ is an important force to drive AI technology to break the boundary between humans and machines and develop forward; （2） The controversy of ＂strong AI＂ reflects the tension between different social factors, including the ＂two cultures＂ （scientific culture and humanistic culture）, the mainstream world outlook, i. e. science and technology are the competitiveness and productivity and so on. Besides, these cultures in AI circle go through a process from opposition to conflict, and finally to tentative dialogue and cooperation .（3） The attitude of AI circle and philosophical circle towards ＂strong AI＂ is changing： AI circle was initially optimistic and supportive, and then pessimistic and ignoring, and is now finally cautious; philosophical circle towards ＂strong AI＂ was critical and suspicious, and now advocates vigorously, moreover, it is more concerned about the risk that strong AI may cause. （4） The concept of ＂strong AI＂ needs to be redefined to make it a scientific concept rather than a simple one of ＂science fiction＂. Besides, more attention should be paid to the ＂strong AI＂ risk.
作者
王彦雨
WANG Yanyu(Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《山东科技大学学报（社会科学版）》
2018年第6期16-27,35,共13页
Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)
基金
中国科学院自然科学史研究所重点培育方向项目"科技的社会风险"
中国科学院青年研教项目"机器人ELSI问题研究"项目
关键词
强AI
“机器智能恶与善”之争
乐观主义与悲观主义之争
“智能增强”理念
“奇点”理论
“强AI风险
论”
科技巨风险
strong AI
debate on ＂the evil and the good of machine intelligence＂
debate between optimism and pessimism
concept of ＂intelligence augmentation＂
＂singularity＂ theory
＂theory of strong AI risk＂
huge risk of science and technology
