摘要
目的调查上海天平街道65岁以上居民的肺癌危险因素,为制定肺癌防治健康教育措施提供科学依据。方法 2017年4—6月,按照分层随机抽样方法抽取上海市天平街道556例65岁以上常住居民,采用《肺癌高危人群自查评分表》进行问卷调查。结果本调查最终获得有效问卷539份,有效问卷回收率96.9%(539/556)。自评得分中位数为85分。按照评分标准,受访者中153例(28.4%)为肺癌高危人群,其中男112例(73.2%),女41例(26.8%)。吸烟者共146例(27.1%),其中男性吸烟者130例,女性吸烟者16例,男性与女性吸烟率[53.1%(130/245)vs 5.4%(16/294)]比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=153.433,P<0.05)。所有吸烟者中,72例(49.3%)平均每日吸烟量达1～10支/d,67例(45.0%)吸烟持续时间为20～40年,140例(94.0%)在15岁以后开始吸烟。20.4%(60/294)女性被动吸烟量达200～299支/年。所有受访者中,5例(0.9%)有器官移植史;3例(0.6%)有结缔组织疾病;71例(13.2%)有慢性肺部疾病;261例(48.4%)油烟暴露量>151盘/年;10例(1.9%)有矿工暴露史;4例(0.8%)有石棉暴露史;8例(1.5%)有精神压抑;10例(1.9%)有肺癌家族史;46例(8.5%)有肿瘤家族史。结论上海市天平街道65岁以上居民的肺癌危险因素较多,主要肺癌危险因素包括吸烟、被动吸烟、油烟暴露等。家庭医生应通过健康教育大力推进控烟,同时对于有其他危险因素的个体采取有针对性的个性化的干预措施,从而减少肺癌的发生,增进社区居民的健康。
Objective To explore the risk factors for lung cancer among residents over 65 years in Tianping Street community in Shanghai,providing a scientific basis for the development of health education interventions for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.MethodsFrom April to June 2017,we enrolled 556 permanent residents from Shanghai＇s Tianping Street Community by stratified random sampling,and surveyed them with the Self-rated Lung Cancer Risk Scale（SLCRS）.Results539 responsive scales were obtained,achieving a response rate of 96.9%（539/556）.The median SLCRS score was 85.According to the scoring criteria,153（28.4% of the total respondents） were at high risk of lung cancer,73.2% of whom were males （112 cases） and 26.8% （41 cases） were females.The prevalence of smoking in all the respondents was 27.1% （146/539）.Males had higher prevalence of smoking than females〔53.1%（130/245）vs 5.4%（16/294）〕（χ2=153.433,P〈0.05）.Among all smokers,49.3%（72/146） smoked 1-10 cigarettes per day on average,45.0%（67/146） had been smoking for 20-40 years,94.0%（140/146） started smoking after turning 15.20.4% of the female respondents（60/294） smoked 200-299 cigarettes per year passively.Among all the respondents,0.9%（5/539） had a history of organ transplantation,0.6%（3/539） had connective tissue disease,13.2%（71/539） had chronic lung disease,48.4%（261/539） had exposure to oil fumes caused by cooking more than 151 plates of dishes per year,1.9%（10/539） had exposure to miners,0.8%（4/539） had exposure to asbestos, 1.5% （8/539） frequently had depression, and 1.9% （10/539） had a family history of lung cancer, and 8.5%（46/539） had a family history of tumor.ConclusionThe prevalence of lung cancer risks among residents aged over 65 living in Tianping Street community in Shanghai can not to be ignored.The major lung cancer risks found are active and passive smoking,oil fume exposure and so on.In order to reduce the incidence of lung cancer and promote the health status of community-dwelling residents,we suggest that family doctors should vigorously promote tobacco control through health education,and deliver targeted and personalized interventions for individuals with lung cancer risk factors.
作者
张宁
张贤
周谦君
ZHANG Ning;ZHANG Xian;ZHOU Qianjun(Department of General Practice,Xuhui District Tianping Street Community Health Center,Shanghai 200031,China;Lung Tumor Center Chest Surgery,Shanghai Chest Hospital,Shanghai 200030,China)
出处
《中国全科医学》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第36期4489-4492,4501,共5页
Chinese General Practice
基金
徐汇区科学技术委员会资助项目(SHXH201623)
关键词
肺肿瘤
危险因素
问卷调查
上海
Lung neoplasms
Risk factors
Questionnaires
Shanghai
