摘要
为准确掌握中国各省区畜禽粪尿及氮负荷量,以及还田利用潜力,本研究基于统计数据和已有资料,利用猪粪当量(N)估算了1978年以来中国畜禽粪尿量的变化规律,以及各类畜禽粪尿的构成比例,分析和评价了2016各省份畜禽粪尿、纯氮负荷量的空间分布和污染风险,并估算了各省份畜禽粪尿的还田潜力.结果表明,中国畜禽粪尿猪粪当量(N)及其N养分量总体上呈"快速增加(1978~2005年)-保持稳定(2006~2016年)"的变化态势,到2016年,分别达到366 822.01×10~4t和2 024.10×10~4t,均增长了105.78%,94.03%~98.34%的粪尿量来源于家禽、羊、猪和牛.畜禽粪尿猪粪当量(N)及其N养分量最大的区域是华北地区,其中河南省为最,分别占全国的22.25%和8.81%.其次是四川,占8.14%.按耕地、作物播种面积和农用地面积分别计算单位面积上的畜禽粪尿猪粪当量(N)及其N养分量,并进行r值分级和环境风险评价.如果承载场所为耕地,负荷量较大的是西南和东南地区,污染风险较严重的是华北地区,为Ⅳ级;若按农作物种植面积,西北和西南地区负荷量较大,西北和华北地区为Ⅲ级有污染风险;若按农用地计算,华北和东南地区负荷量较大,华北地区Ⅲ级有污染风险,湖南负荷量最大,北京、山东和河南为Ⅳ级较严重污染风险.全国畜禽粪尿猪粪当量(N)及其N养分还田量分别为113 480.75×10~4t和626.15×10~4t,按单位农用地面积分别相当于3.07 t·hm^(-2)和16.92 kg·hm^(-2),华北地区最大,为8.27t·hm^(-2)和45.62 kg·hm^(-2).若按50%的粪尿N养分环境容量(85 kg·hm^(-2))计算,全国可增加粪尿N养分还田量为2 520.21×10~4t,粮食主产区黑龙江还田潜力最大,其次是四川.
To clearly analyze livestock and poultry faeces and the nitrogen loading rate of farmland in different provinces of China and their potential return to agricultural land, the changes of the output of various livestock and poultry faeces in China and the proportion of faeces from all types of livestock and poultry since 1978 were estimated in this paper based on statistical data and literature reviews using the pig manure equivalent （based on nitrogen） and the spatial distribution and pollution risk of livestock and the poultry faeces and nitrogen loading rates. Furthermore, the nitrogen return potential from animal faeces to farmland was analyzed and evaluated for different provinces of China in 2016. The results show that the pig manure equivalent （N） and total N from livestock and poultry faeces in China increases from 1978 to 2005 and is stable from 2005 to 2016. By 2016, the pig manure equivalent （N） and N were 366 822.01 x 104 t and 2 024. 10 x 104 t, respectively, reflecting an increase by 105.78%. Approximately 94. 03% to 98.34% of the faeces was from poultry, sheep, pigs, and cattle. The livestock and poultry faeces pig manure equivalent （N） and nutrient N were mainly distributed in North - Central China, especially in the Henan Province, accounting for 22.25% and 8.81% of the total in China, respectively, followed by the Sichuan Province. Based on the arable land, planting, and farmland areas, the pig faeces equivalent （N） and its N nutrient per unit area were calculated and the environmental risks were evaluated based on r values. Based on the arable land area, the southwestern and southeastern regions have large loading rates, while the northeentral region has a serious pollution risk of grade IV. Based on the planting area, the northwestern and southwestern regions have relatively large loading rates, while the northwestern and northcentral regions have pollution risks of grade IU. Based on the farmland area, the northcentral and southeastern regions have great loading rates and the northcentral region has a pollution risk of grade llI, Hunan has the largest loading rate, and Beijing, Shandong, and Henan have grade IV pollution risks. The livestock and poultry faeces pig manure equivalent （N） and amount of N nutrients returning to farmland in China are 113 480. 75× 10^4 t and 626. 15 × 10^4 t, respectively, equivalent to 3.07 t·hm^ 2 and 16. 92 kg-hm^-2, respectively, and the northcentral region has the largest rates with 8.27 t.hm^-2and 45.62 kg.hm-z, respectively. Based on 50% of the environmental capacity of faeces N, that is, 85 kg.hm^-2, the N nutrient return can increase by 2 520. 21 × 10^4 t. The Heilongjiang Province has the greatest potential return, followed by the Sichuan Province.
作者
刘晓永
王秀斌
李书田
LIU Xiao-yong;WANG Xiu-bin;LI Shu-tian(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;International Plant Nutrition Institute（IPNI）Beijing Office,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第12期5723-5739,共17页
Environmental Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200103)
关键词
畜禽粪尿
猪粪当量(N)
负荷量
还田潜力
空间分布
livestock and poultry faeces
pig manure equivalent （based on N）
loading rate
potential returning to farmland
spatial distribution
