摘要
为探讨不同施磷量对滴灌苜蓿干草产量、吸磷量及苜蓿磷素利用效率的影响,明确不同磷素水平下土壤全磷和速效磷的含量分布特征。试验设4种施磷梯度,分别为施P_2O_5 0 kg·hm^(-2)(CK)、50 kg·hm^(-2)(P_1)、100 kg·hm^(-2)(P_2)、150 kg·hm^(-2)(P_3),采用滴灌水肥一体化施肥方式,平均分4次分别在返青后的分枝期、第1茬、第2茬、第3茬刈割后3～5 d施入。结果表明,各茬次苜蓿植株叶片、茎秆磷含量在P_2处理下达到最大值,其中叶片磷含量数值分别为0.223%,0.275%,0.292%和0.218%;茎秆磷含量数值分别为0.202%,0.223%,0.201%和0.146%。苜蓿叶片磷含量大于茎秆磷含量。滴灌苜蓿植株的干草产量、吸磷量随着施磷量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,在第1茬P_2处理达到最大值,数值分别为6.54 t·hm^(-2)和13.78 kg·hm^(-2)。土壤全磷含量、速效磷含量随着施磷量的增加呈逐渐增大的趋势,且各施磷处理显著大于未施磷处理(P<0.05),滴灌苜蓿总干草产量在P_2处理条件下达到最大,达21.24 t·hm^(-2)。苜蓿的磷素利用效率为随施磷量的增加呈逐渐降低的趋势,P_1处理苜蓿的磷素利用效率在第1茬达到最大值为28.37%。滴灌苜蓿植株吸磷量与干草产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。当施P_2O_5为100 kg·hm^(-2)(P_2)时,能够有效促进苜蓿根系对土壤速效磷的吸收,提高苜蓿磷素利用效率,进而提高滴灌苜蓿干草产量。
This research aimed to explore the effect of different phosphorus(P)fertilizer application rates on the yield and P use efficiency of alfalfa,and to determine the soil total P and available P levels and plant tissue P levels under the different P fertilizer regimes.P fertilizer rates applied in the experiment were(as P2O5 equivalent)0 kg·ha-1(CK),50 kg·ha-1(P1),100 kg·ha-1(P2)and 150 kg·ha-1(P3).The P fertilizer was applied together with irrigation water under drip irrigation,beginning at the branching stage of spring growth following winter dormancy,and subsequently 3-5 d after the first,second and third cuts.The maximum P concentration of leaves and stems was attained under the P2 treatment.The P concentration of leaves was 0.223%,0.275%,0.292%and 0.218%,under CK,P1,P2,and P3 treatments,respectively;and the corresponding P concentration of stems was 0.202%,0.223%,0.201%and 0.146%.Hence,the P concentration of alfalfa leaves was higher than the P concentration of stems.The hay dry matter yield and elemental P yield were also maximized under the P2 treatment(6.54 t·ha-1 and 13.78 kg·ha-1,respectively).Soil total P concentration and available P concentration increased with increased P fertilizer.The P fertilizer treatments had significantly greater soil P than the CK treatment(P<0.05).The P use efficiency decreased with increased P application,and was highest(28.37%)in the P1 treatment at the first cutting.The phosphorus uptake of drip-irrigated alfalfa was significantly positively correlated with the hay yield of alfalfa(P<0.01).In conclusion,for the P2 treatment(100 kg·ha-1 P2O5),and this treatment promoted absorption of soil available P by the alfalfa roots,improved the P use efficiency of alfalfa,and improved the hay yield.
作者
孙艳梅
刘选帅
张前兵
吴昊
张新田
苗晓茸
刘俊英
于磊
马春晖
SUN Yan-mei;LIU Xuan-shuai;ZHANG Qian-bing;WU Hao;ZHANG Xin-tian;MIAO Xiao-rong;LIU Jun-ying;YU Lei;MA Chun-hui(The College of Animal Science&Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Work Station of Xinjiang Production and Construction Groups,Urumchi 830001,China)
出处
《草业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第3期154-163,共10页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31660693)
中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2018T111120
2017M613252)
石河子大学青年创新人才培育计划项目(CXRC201605)
兵团农业技术推广专项(CZ0021)
国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-34)资助
关键词
苜蓿
磷素利用效率
全磷
速效磷
滴灌
alfalfa
phosphorus use efficiency
total phosphorus
available phosphorus
drip irrigation
