摘要
目的 :了解护士在工作中面对职业压力时对身心健康可能造成的影响。方法 :采用MaslachBurnoutInventory (MBI)量表 ,对 67名护士和 52名医师的心身耗竭 (burnout)状况进行了调查 ,并对在职继续学习项目及社会支持状况与影响因素进行了分析。结果 :被试的“情感枯竭”(EE)、“去人格化倾向”(DP)分值低于Maslach的样本 ,其差异具有统计学意义 ,“自我成就感”(PA)的差异无显著性 ,说明被试在面对职业压力时 ,其心理适应状况较好。从耗竭程度来看 ,护士组EE、PA为中等 ,DP为低度 ;医师组EE、DP为低度 ,PA为中等。从护士组的继续教育情况来看 ,是否学习过“沟通技巧”的护士间EE、PA的差异具有显著性意义 ,DP的差异具有高度显著性意义。从社会支持状况分析 ,护士和医师对来自上级的支持差异是有显著意义的。结论 :学习积极应对策略应对其情绪困扰 ;加强对社会支持的利用 ,提高护士对成功的体验和自我成就感 ,是降低其耗竭程度的关键。
Objective: To study the influence of vocational stress on physical and psychological health of nurses in their work. Method: 67 nurses and 52 physicians were investigated by Maslach and Jackson's Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Their social support, continue education and the influences factors were also analyzed. Result: The scores of Emotional Exhaustion (EE) and Depersonalization (DP) were lower than the scores of Maslach and there were significant differences between them ( P <0.05). But there was no significant difference on Personal Accomplishment (PA) between them. It indicated that the subjects' psychological adaptation was good when they faced vocational stress. For the burnout level, the average score of EE and PA among nurses were 19.21±12.21 and 35.72± 8.68 . They were in moderate level. The average score of DP was 3.66±4.07 and it was in low level. The average scores of EE and DP among physicians were 18.85±10.73 and 4.37±3.92.They were in low level. The average score of PA was 38.25±6.99 and it was in moderate level. For continue education of nurses, there were significant differences between nurses who learned communication skills and nurses who didn't learn them in EE and PA ( P =0.04,0.03) and there was high significant difference in DP ( P =0.004). For social support, nurses and physicians were satisfied with the support from family members (94% and 96%) and friends (87% and 83%). For leader's support (86.6% and 63.5%), they recognized it, but there was significant difference between physicians and nurses ( P =0.003). Conclusion: It should be to strengthen the study of knowledge of psychology and communication skills, using positive strategy of coping and reducing negative strategy of defending to cope with the emotional disturbance. Strengthening social support and improving the experience of success and personal accomplishment of nurses were the key points to decrease their burnout level.
出处
《中华护理杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第9期659-662,共4页
Chinese Journal of Nursing
关键词
职业压力
调查
护士
护理工作
适应
心理学
Nurses
Nursing services
Adaptation,psychological
Burnout,professional
