摘要
2018年,作为全球高技术创新方的美国,放弃传统的高技术出口管制,对处于技术创新劣势的中国实施进口限制,且对象不仅包括其对中国呈贸易逆差的信息通信技术,更有呈顺差的其他高技术。美国选择这种反常规与无差别的高技术进口限制,其直接利益诉求包括限制《中国制造2025》的实际实施、满足美国政治和利益集团需求及减少美中贸易逆差。但其本质是为了实现守成大国对新兴大国崛起的目标性限制、维护美国在全球价值链中的现有地位及实现美国利益的长远增加。因此,中国需在发展好自己的基础上,主动对受损高技术行业加大扶持、深化中欧全球治理合作、选择重点行业对美国进行目标反制、充分利用外资在华企业及所属利益集团的政治游说、预防争端扩展至金融领域及防止多边联合针对性技术制裁等,降低美国高技术进口限制的负面影响。
As a global high-tech innovation country,the United States abandons traditional high-tech export controls and imposes import restrictions on China in 2018,which is at a disadvantage in high-tech innovation,and targets at not only its information communication technology with a trade deficit with China,but also other high technologies with a trade surplus.The direct interest of the United States to choose such anti-conventional and indiscriminate high-tech import restrictions includes its emergent response to the'China Manufacturing 2025',curbing China’s high-tech innovation capabilities,meeting US political and interest group needs,and reducing US-China Trade deficit.However,its intrinsic essence is to achieve the goals of limiting the rise of the emerging powers,maintaining the existing status of the United States in the global value chain,and achieving the long-term increase of its interests.China needs to actively support the damaged high-tech industry on the basis of developing itself,make full use of the political lobbying of foreign-funded enterprises and their interest groups,deepen the global governance cooperation with Europe,and select key industries to target the United States and prevent disputes expanding into the financial sector,to reduce the negative impact of high-tech import restrictions in the United States.
出处
《东北亚论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期82-96,128,共16页
Northeast Asia Forum
基金
2018年教育部人文社会科学基金一般项目(18YJA790055)
2018年教育部人文社会科学基金重大攻关项目(18JZD034)
武汉大学人文社会科学自主科研项目(2018QN021)
武汉大学2018年本科教学研究项目(2018JG043)与2018年研究生全英文课程项目
复旦大学发展研究院--中美友好互信合作计划项目(FDZMHX1801)
关键词
中美贸易摩擦
高技术
进口限制
利益诉求
摩擦本质
Sino-US Trade Frictions
Advanced Technology
Import Friction
Interest Demand
Nature of Friction
