摘要
以产业转移和劳动力回流为主要特征的"双转移"是当前中国经济进入中速增长背景下一个新的发展趋势,是市场机制下产业和劳动力的理性选择。在此背景下,以河南周口市为案例地,通过实地调研和问卷访谈,分析了传统农区外出劳动力空间流向和回流意愿,重点对外出劳动力的回流动力、行为选择进行了调查分析,并从政府和制度层面提出回流地的规划响应。结果表明:①周口市外出劳动力回流意愿强烈,且有近期返乡的打算;②外出劳动力的回流动力呈现多元化,县城是除本村外回流劳动力居住和生活的重要空间选择;③就业机会、教育和医疗水平是外出劳动力回流最为关注的城镇吸引要素。最后,从地方政府和制度层面提出放权强县、促进"双转移"良性循环互动、公共服务设施均等化配置和推进土地户籍制度改革的规划响应措施。
Due to the rising manufacturing costs of China's eastern coastal areas after the global financial crisis,there is a clear trend of industrial relocation and population shift to the central and western regions of the country. Migrant workers who are yet fully integrated into the urban system in eastern China become the main returning population. Since these returning migrant workers tend to be skilled and possess certain capitals, their return has important social and economic implications for the urbanization and industrialization of the destination areas. Therefore, the study of migrant workers' return intention, destination and employment choices, income expectation, as well as the development of appropriate planning initiatives has important theoretical significance and practical values. Zhoukou in Henan Province is a traditional agricultural area and an important population exporting region in recent years. According to incomplete statistics, more than a million migrant workers work outside for multiple years. Due to the accelerated industrial transfer in Zhoukou, return of these migrant workers is becoming increasingly obvious. Therefore, we choose Zhoukou as a case study area to explore the return intention of migrant workers in traditional agricultural area and planning response of the local governments. In this research, we collected data using questionnaire survey combined with in-depth interviews. We conducted field research in June 2012 in 17 villages using stratified sampling and systematic sampling method. Each village provided a list of 20 migrant workers and their telephone numbers. We randomly selected 305 migrant workers among these and conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with the survey participants, which generated155 valid questionnaires. The questions asked cover the demographic characteristics of the participants, such as gender, age, education level, job type, income, marital status, monthly income. Also, workplace,return intention, reasons for return, destination and employment choices, and income expectation upon returning were surveyed. Based on the result of the survey, the paper analyzes the spatial pattern of flow of migrant workers and their return intention, and emphatically investigates reasons and incentives for return and destination and employment choices. Several conclusions are drawn as follows:(1) return intention of migrant workers is strong and many have planned to return in the near future;(2) the incentives for return are diversified, and the county seats are the most important choice of destination for work and living following home village;(3) job opportunities and high quality of education and health care are the most important factors that attract migrant workers. Finally, the paper proposes four planning responses of the government and institutions: decentralization and strengthening the power of the counties, promoting healthy interactions of the 'double shifts', balancing the location of public service facilities, and speeding up the reform of land transfer and eliminating restrictions of the population registration system.
出处
《地理科学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第7期990-999,共10页
Progress in Geography
基金
国家"十二五"科技支撑计划重大项目(2012BAJ22B04)
关键词
传统农区
外出劳动力
回流意愿
规划响应
周口市
traditional agricultural area
migrant workers
return intention
planning response
Zhoukou City
