摘要
北京树木物候谱是根据作者等十多年观测树木的萌芽、展叶、开花、果熟和落叶等生活周期现象编绘而成。北京树木萌芽始期一般在日平均温度稳定在3℃以上,少数种类在0℃以上即能萌动。树木各物候期因树种不同而有差异,但有一定的顺序性。树木各物候期,特别是早春各物候期与活动积温关系极为密切。北京29种树木物候谱可分为三类九型。从各物候谱的类型可以了解各树种物候学特性的共性和差异,进而了解各树种的生物学和生态学特性,对林业生产有很重要的实践意义。对农、医和生物学工作者也有一定参考价值。
This report is a summary of more than 10 years observation on phehologyof 29 species of woody plants in Beijing. Phenological spectra of the woodyspecies were constructed by noting down the dateS of seasonal changes, suchas opening of bud, spreading of leaf, flowering, maturing of fruit or seed andleaf fall etc, in connection on with teqerature record of corresponding date.A daily mean temperature steadily above 3℃ is necessary for opening of budfor most species, but with a few species, the bud will open if the dailymean is above 0℃. Phenophases of different species vary,but their sequence is definite.Phenophases, especially those in early f Spring season, are closely correlatedwith the accumulative active temperature. The phenological spectra of the species studied can be classified into 3groups and 9 types.The first group is flower before fruit with one type, earlyflower and early fruit type.The second group is flower with leaf, with twotypes, the early flower and intermediate fruit trre, and the early flower andlate fruit type The third group is flower after leaf,with 6 types:1. early flowerand early fruit type, 2. early flower and intermediate fruit type, 3. earlyflower and late fruit type, 4.intermediate flower and intermediate fruit type,5. intermediate flower and late fruit type, 6.late flower and late fruit type.Tree species with similar type of phenophase will be similar in biologicalor ecological characteristics, phenological observations are, therefore, quiteuseful in introduction of foreign tree species in silvicultaral practices.
