摘要
以定位观测资料为基础 ,对毛乌素沙地流动风沙土、天然油蒿和臭柏灌丛及沙柳和樟子松人工林下 0cm～ 10 0cm风沙土 ,1997年 4月～ 1998年 10月水量平衡进行了研究。结果表明 ,在 0cm～ 10 0cm的土层内 ,土壤贮水量没有明显的贮水稳定层。流动沙丘各土层之间贮水量的变率 ,1997年差异较小 ,年平均为 5 .5 %;1998年明显增大 ,年平均值为 17.0 %,并且最大值与最小值之间相差 10 %。油蒿群落土壤贮水量的变化主要发生在 0cm～80cm的土层内 ,尤其是 0cm～ 2 0cm土层变动明显 ,0cm～ 10 0cm土层内年均变率为 16 .2 %;樟子松和沙柳人工林地两年贮水量变率各层次之间差异最小 ,年均变率分别为 18.7%和 14.7%;臭柏群落土壤贮水量的变化主要集中在 0cm～ 6 0cm或 0cm～ 80cm的土层内 ,并且以 0cm～ 2 0cm和 40cm～ 6 0cm土层变化较明显。土壤贮水量的变幅大小 ,同时受降雨量及降雨时空分布的影响 ,1998年度的变率明显高于 1997年度。各样地土壤贮水量季节变化一般出现两个高峰。第 1个高峰出现在 4月 ,第 2个贮水高峰值一般出现在 7月或 8月 ,此期间是该地区的雨季 ,其降雨量约占全年降雨量的 46 .7%,成为土壤水分的恢复补给时期。 5月～ 7月上旬 ,植物进入生长盛期 ,耗水量增加 ,加之降雨补给较少 ,形成第 1个主?
On the base of located observations,soil moisture variation and water balance of shifting sandy soil and 0cm-100cm sandy soil under the shrubs of Artemisia ordosica and Sabina vulgalis, and artificial woods of Salix psammophila and Pinus syvistrisvar.mongolica had been studied from April 1997 to October 1998 in Mu Us sandy area.The results showed that there was no obvious stable water storage layer in 0cm-100cm soil.The rate of water reservation vairous in different soil layers ,varied slightly in shifting sandy dune and the year average rate was 5.5%in 1997.The rate turned obviously,the yearly average rate was 17.0%,and the difference between the maximum and minimum was 10% in 1998.The variation of soil water reservation of Artemisia ordosica population occurred mainly in 0cm-80cm soil layer,especially in 0cm-20cm soil layer,and the year average rate in 0cm-100cm soil layer was 16.2%.The year average rate of the soil water reservation of Pinus syvistris var.mongolica and Salix psammophila were 18.7% and 14.7% individually and the variations of the soil water reservation of different soil layers are the lowest.The variations of soil water reservation of Sabina vulgalis population concentrate mainly on 0cm-60cm or 0cm-80cm soil layers,especially 0cm-20cm and 40cm-60cm soil layers varied obviously.The range of soil water reservation variation was influenced by the precipitation and its distribution.The variation rate was higher in 1998 than that in 1997.There are two summits of seasonal variation of soil water reservation.One was April,another was in July or August,which was locally rainy season and it's precipitation was about 46.7% of the year's.It was the main period of the soil water resuming and compensation,from May to the first ten-day of July, plants begin growing quickly,the water consumption became larger,and the precipitation compensation was less.So this period became the first water loss period.From August to October,the precipitation became less,the air and soil temperature are higher,the leaves and branches of plants are luxuriant,the soil evaporation is larger,so this period was the second water losing period.The total soil water reservation of the sands covered with plants in growth period was 100mm-200mm lower than the one of the shifting dune.The results of water balance study showed that the year evaporation is the lowest in shifting sandy dune,and the average was 191.382mm in two years,and the one in 1997 is 32mm larger than the one in 1998.The soil evaporations under Artemisia ordosica,Sabina vulgalis,Salix psammophila and Pinus syvistris var.mongolica are larger than the one of the shifting sandy dune,and these are larger in 1998 than in 1997,except Pinus syvistris var.mongolica.Among the four plants,the evaporation of Sabina vulgalis was the highest and the year average was 285.25mm.The year average evaporation of Salix psammophila was 277.624mm,and the year average evaporation of Artemisia ordosica and Pinus syvistris var. mongolica were 263.28mm and 246.225mm individually.The year average evaporation of the four plants are smaller than year average precipitation.So the soil water reservation can maintain balance.
出处
《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
2002年第3期1-9,共9页
Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
内蒙古自治区科委攻关项目 (960 10 8)
国家自然科学基金项目 (3 0 0 60 0 69)
