摘要
With the rapid development of the petroleum industry and oil spill occurredfrequently in recent years, marine oil pollution is serious. Oil pollution from terrestrialsources is an important source of marine oil pollution. In China, oil pollution fromterrestrial sources accounted for more than 80% of the total marine pollutants. Wetlandhas great ecological and environmental value, and researches found that wetland hasthe function of purifying oil pollutants. Beitang Estuary in Tianjin Binhai New Area is amajor fishery port, and also the main sewage outfall. In recent years, with the increaseof oil pollution from terrestrial sources, water quality in Beitang River is deteriorating.The Beitang Estuary has a large area of natural Spartina alterniflora wetland, whichmay effectively remove oil pollution. Environmental investigation was carried out on thewharf, channel and coastal zone near Beitang Estuary. The results showed that theeutrophication in Beitang Estuary is serious, and the water quality is inferior to theworse than the fourth class of sea water quality. Inorganic nitrogen, active phosphateand petroleum hydrocarbons are the main pollutants. Reed, Spartina alterniflora andSeepweed were the dominant species in the Beitang Estuary, and petroleumhydrocarbons were detected in the three plants. It showed that the Beitang Estuary waspolluted by petroleum hydrocarbons, and the three kinds of plants have the ability toabsorb petroleum hydrocarbons. Survey results showed that, whether in the surfaceseawater or sediment, the oil content near the wharf was higher than the channel; thepetroleum hydrocarbon content in the channel was higher than the coastal zone. Theroots, stems and leaves of Spartina alterniflora can intercept oil pollution from terrestrialsources. In addition to absorbing petroleum hydrocarbons, Spartina alterniflora alsoprovides a good habitat for microorganisms,to accelerate microbial degradation ofpetroleum hydrocarbon. Spartina alterniflora wetland has the obvious effect forreducing terrigenous oil pollutants.
随着石油工业的快速发展,近几年来溢油事故频有发生,海洋石油污染日趋严重。陆源石油污染在海洋石油污染中占很大的比重。在中国,陆源石油污染占海洋石油污染的80%以上。湿地有着生态和环境的双重价值,目前很多研究表明其具有净化石油污染的功能。滨海新区北塘河口是天津重要的渔港,也是主要的排污口。近年来,随着陆源石油污染的增加,北塘河口海水水质日趋恶化。北塘河口生长着大片的互花米草,形成了互花米草湿地,它可以有效地去除石油污染。通过对码头、入海航道和近岸海域的海水和沉积物进行调查,结果表明,北塘河口水质属于劣四类海水水质,无机氮、活性磷酸盐和石油烃是主要的污染物。芦苇、互花米草和碱蓬是北塘河口主要的植物物种,在这三种植物体内均有石油烃检出,表明了北塘河口已受到石油烃污染,并且三种植物具有吸收石油烃的能力。无论是表层海水还是沉积物,石油烃含量的空间分布规律均为码头﹥航道﹥近岸海域。互花米草的根、茎和叶可以拦截陆源石油污染。互花米草在吸收石油烃的同时,还为微生物提供了良好的生境,加速了石油烃的微生物降解,互花米草湿地可以有效地减少陆源石油污染。
基金
supported by the Project of Tianjin with Spill Oil Accident from Penglai Oil field 19-3 Compensation (No. 19-3BC2014-05)
Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Planning Project (15ZCZDSF00620, 15JCYBJC23200)
