摘要
生态系统灾难性突变是指一个具有多稳态的生态系统,当驱动因子临近临界点时,外界环境条件发生微小改变生态系统则产生剧烈响应,使生态系统从原有稳态转变为另一种生态效益大大降低的稳态。灾难性突变的前提是多稳态的存在,多稳态是生态系统在相同条件下,存在结构和功能截然不同的稳定状态。文章阐述了生态系统中灾难性突变的概念,综述了灾难性突变在湖泊、海洋、森林等生态系统中的存在性和突变的研究现状,对灾难性突变过程中的多稳态、恢复力、迟滞效应和灾变的预警现状进行了探讨,并对灾变的产生机制、恢复力的定量研究、生态系统修复的实践和预警信号的深入研究方面进行了展望。大量的理论研究证实灾难性突变是生态系统中的一个普遍现象,但从实验角度来看研究成果较少且需不断完善。
Catastrophic shifts is one of the phenomenons in ecological systems with alternative stable states;once the motive factor approaches the critical point,even with minor changes in the external conditions,ecosystem would show significant response.Meanwhile,these changes probably lead to huge decline of the ecosystem services.The existence of alternative stable states is the precondition for the catastrophic shifts.Variant structures and functions in alternative stable states are showed even under the same ecosystems conditions.This review presents the concept of catastrophic shifts and summarizes the recent evidence of their existence and the current state of catastrophic shifts in lake,ocean and forest.The alternative stable states,resilience,hysteresis effect and early-warning signal are discussed.And the mechanism of catastrophic shifts,the resilience of the quantitative research,the practices of the ecosystem restoration and in-depth research on early warning signal are prospected as well.Many theoretical studies have predicted that catastrophic shifts are a general phenomenon in ecosystems,but there is little experimental proof.
作者
刘书敏
刘亮
王强
LIU Shumin;LIU Liang;WANG Qiang(School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China)
出处
《生态科学》
CSCD
2017年第2期186-192,共7页
Ecological Science
关键词
灾难性突变
多稳态
恢复力
生态系统
灾变预警
catastrophic shifts
alternative stable state
resilience
ecosystem
early warning
