摘要
氟污染是目前中国十分关注的环境问题之一。中国土壤中氟的分布有一定地域性,贵州、云南、青海、西藏等西南地区土壤中氟的本底值较高。土壤中氟的形态分析表明,污染土壤及非污染土壤中的氟均以残渣态为主。农作物含氟量与土壤含氟量之间是否存在相关性,已有的研究结论不尽相同。现有的氟污染土壤的修复和改良方式有客土、改变土地利用方式、改变耕作制度、施用化学改良剂、施用有机质及电动修复等。目前中国土壤氟的研究还存在土壤氟分布特征研究尚不系统,部分地区采用的测试方法不统一;部分地区土壤氟的来源解析不明;有关土壤微生物、土壤腐殖酸、土壤矿物与土壤中氟化合物的相互作用机制不明确;土壤中全氟化合物的研究受现有标准物质和检测技术限制,目前尚不能完全甄别和分析出土壤中有机氟的含量及未知的有机氟种类等问题。土壤中氟的吸附、固定机理,氟化物在土壤中的释放作用和化学与机械迁移规律,工业排放的氟污染物及化肥施用带来的氟污染物的生物地球化学行为,土壤中氟离子向地下水的迁移过程及机制,不同区域氟毒害的临界浓度的确定,氟污染物不同暴露途径的健康风险分析等将是未来的重点研究方向。
Fluorine(F)contamination in soil is one of the environmental problems that has attracted extensive attention in China.The distribution of F in soils of China is regional.Soils in the southwest of China,such as Guizhou,Yunnan,Qinghai,and Tibet,have high background values of F.The chemical extraction analysis shows that F in both polluted and unpolluted soils mainly exists in residual fraction.However,the relationship between the concentrations of F in crops and in soils has remained debatable.Fluorine polluted soils can be remediated and utilized by changing the ways of land use and cropping system,using chemical remediate materials such as CaCl^,CaS〇4,CaC〇3,CaO and Ca3(P〇4)2,applying organic material,and using electrokinetic remediation.Although the distribution and migration of F in soils and the remediation of F polluted soils have been extensively studied in China,there are still problems in the current researches of F contamination in soils in China.The distribution of F in soils are not systematically studied and the analysis methods are not uniform throughout China;the source of F in soils in some areas are unclear;the interaction of soil humic acids,soil minerals and soil microorganisms with fluorine compounds in soils remains unknown;and limited by the existing standard materials and the detection methods,perfluorinated compounds in soils are not fully identified.Thus,possible further research directions of F in soils in China may include:the adsorption and fixation mechanisms of F in soil;the release and migration patterns of F in soil;the biogeochemical behavior of F in soil from industrial emission and fertilizer application;the migration process and mechanism of F ion from soil to groundwater;the determination of the critical concentration of F poisoning in different regions;and the health risk analysis of fluorine exposure through different pathways to human beings.
作者
杨金燕
苟敏
YANG Jinyan;GOU Min(College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第3期506-513,共8页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
四川省国际科技合作与交流研究计划项目(2015HH0023)
关键词
土壤
氟
分布
迁移
修复
soil
fluorine
distribution
transfer
remediation
