摘要
为了研究林地和湿地以及气象因素等对于大气颗粒物浓度的影响,于2016年5—12月在北京市奥林匹克森林公园内林地、湿地内对PM10和PM_(2.5)质量浓度以及气象数据(温度和相对湿度)进行采集。使用定量分析的方法,运用阻滞-吸附效率公式对林地和湿地阻滞率进行了比较;分析了大气不同污染背景下林地和湿地对大气颗粒物阻滞率的差异以及气象因子对大气颗粒物质量浓度的影响。研究结果表明,林地内颗粒物日变化呈现先下降后上升的趋势,13:00左右为一天之中质量浓度最低(34.6μg?m^(-3))之时,而湿地周围颗粒物日变化则在采样期间呈现下降趋势,至18:00左右质量浓度为最低(35.8μg?m^(-3))。不同空气质量等级下,林地和湿地对颗粒物的阻滞率效果不同,林地在空气质量为优时对PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的阻滞率均最高,分别为522.7%和289.7%;湿地在空气质量等级为良时对PM_(10)的阻滞率最高(56.56%),在空气质量为重度污染时对PM_(2.5)的阻滞率为最高(74.35%)。在相同空气质量等级下,林地与湿地之间的阻滞率也存在差异:除严重污染时没有显著差异外,其余空气质量等级下林地的阻滞率显著高于湿地对大气颗粒物的阻滞率(P<0.05)。此外,大气颗粒物质量浓度与气象因子之间存在显著相关性,其质量浓度与温度呈负相关,与相对湿度呈正相关。然而,阻滞率与气象因子之间没有显著相关性。研究林地与湿地的阻滞率有利于更好地配置城市中林地和湿地比率,以更加有效地改善大气环境。
In order to study the change of blocking effect between forest and wetland under different air quality grades,the mass concentration of PM10and PM2.5and the meteorological factors were carried out in the forest,wetlands and open space of the Beijing Olympic Forest Park from May to December in2016.We analyzed the difference between blocking efficiency of atmospheric particulate matter and the effect of meteorological factors on atmospheric particulate matter in the context of different air quality grades.The results indicated that pattern of atmospheric particles in the forest decreased firstly and then increased during one day,the lowest value(34.6μg?m-3)showed up at about13:00.The diurnal variation of the particulate matter in the wetland appeared a downward trend,the lowest value(35.8μg?m-3)appeared at about18:00.Under different air quality levels,the blocking efficiency was different in the forest and wetland.The blocking efficiency of PM10(522.7%)and PM2.5(289.7%)was the highest when the air quality was excellent in the forest.For wetland,the blocking efficiency of PM10under the good air quality level was the highest which was about56.56%,the PM2.5block efficiency was the highest in the heavy pollution air circumstances,which was about74.35%.In the same air quality grade,there was also a difference in the blocking efficiency between forest and wetland:the block rate of forest was significantly higher than that of the wetland(P<0.05)except for serious pollution.In addition,atmospheric particulate matter concentration had a negative correlation with temperature,and a positive relationship with relative humidity.However,there was no significant correlation between the blocking efficiency and meteorological factors.The study of forest and wetland blocking efficiency was conducive to allocate urban forest land and wetland ratio better,and to improve the atmospheric environment more effectively.The experiment aims to provide a basis for the subsequent study of the blocking effect of forest and wetland.
作者
丛岭
翟杰休
马文梅
刘佳凯
王宇
武亚楠
张振明
CONG Ling;ZHAI Jiexiu;MA Wenmei;LIU Jiakai;WANG Yu;WU Yanan;ZHANG Zhenming(School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第6期1017-1025,共9页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2016JX05)
关键词
大气颗粒物
林地
湿地
阻滞率
气象因素
atmospheric particles
woodland
wetland
blocking effect
meteorological factors
