摘要
为探明生物降解秧盘稀播育秧、带盘机插的生产适用性,以籼型杂交稻中浙优8号和籼粳型杂交稻甬优538为材料,普通平盘作对照,研究了生物降解秧盘不同播种量(30,50,70和90 g/盘)育秧对机插水稻秧苗素质、机插特性与产量的影响。结果表明,生物降解秧盘育秧显著提高出苗率(P<0.05),且播种量越低,出苗率越高,中浙优8号30 g/盘处理的出苗率较普通平盘育秧高20.57个百分点。生物降解秧盘采用上毯下钵设计,所育秧苗根系独立成钵状,白根多且粗壮,其平均根直径较普通平盘宽8.63%,且盘根力均大于100 N,满足机插对秧块成毯的要求。同时,可带盘按钵精准机插,中浙优8号30 g/盘处理的漏秧率仅7.78%,较普通平盘机插低6.67个百分点。生物降解秧盘处理结实率和千粒重略低于普通平盘,群体颖花量则高于后者,最终产量较普通平盘机插略高。综合育秧、机插效果及产量表现,生物降解秧盘育秧播种量以70 g/盘为宜。因此,生物降解秧盘带盘机插可发挥稀播培育壮秧优势,提高机插质量,有助于杂交稻少本稀植、充分发挥增产潜力。
Mechanical transplanting is the tendency of planting mechanization for most of rice regions in China.The sowing rate of nursing seedling is usually high(90-120g/tray)for forming seedling carpet and reducing the unplanted hill percentage,which leads to weak seedlings,excessive basic seedlings in fields,and poor heterosis representations for hybrid rice.The biodegradable seedling tray is made with bioplastic-polylactic acid(PLA,a kind of material widely used)and designed as bowl-blanket shape and mechanical transplanting with seedling tray,which could provide a new way to realize mechanical transplanting of hybrid rice under thin sowing rate model.This experiment was conducted to evaluate the applicability of biodegradable seedling tray in thin sowing and mechanical transplanting.Zhongzheyou8(indica hybrid rice)and Yongyou538(indica-japonica hybrid rice)were used as materials.The carpet seedling tray was applied as control.Four sowing rates:30,50,70and90g/tray were adopted(the weight of dry seeds).The nineteen-days-old seedlings under different tray and sowing rate treatments were transplanted in the plot of30m2separately with30cm×18cm planting density.A fertilizer dose of180:450:112.5kg/hm2of N:P:K was applied in the form of urea,calcium superphosphate,and potassium chloride,respectively.The nitrogen fertilizer was applied at soil preparation,tillering stage and panicle initiation stage in a proportion of5:3:2.Total phosphorus fertilizer was applied at soil preparation and total potassium fertilizer was applied at panicle initiation stage.Weeds,insects and diseases were intensively controlled during the whole growing season to avoid yield loss.The other managements were uniform with high-yield cultivation.In this experiment,the emergence rate of seed,morphological characteristic of shoot and root of seedlings,root entwining force,unplanted hill percentage of mechanical transplanting,the yield and its components were investigated.Results showed that,nursing seedling with biodegradable seedling tray had significant the emergence rate increase(P<0.05),and the lower sowing rate,the higher the emergence rate compared with carpet seeding tray.The emergence rate of Zhongzheyou8in30g/tray treatment was higher by20.57percentage points than that of the carpet seedling tray.The seedlings roots in biodegradable seedling tray treatment were white,stubby,separate and coiled in bowls due to bowl-blanket design and the average root diameter was8.63%greater than that of the carpet seedling tray(P<0.05).In addition,the root entwining force of seedlings with biodegradable seedling tray was greater than100N in all sowing rates treatments,which met the demand of mechanical transplanting.Because of bowl-shaped precision transplanting with seedling tray,the unplanted hill percentage of Zhongzheyou8in30g/tray treatment declined by6.67percentage points compared with carpet seedling tray.Despite the fill-grain percentage and the1000-grain weight of biodegradable seedling tray treatment were lower(P<0.05)than that of carpet seedling tray,but the population spikelets and yield were slightly higher.According to the performance of nursing seedlings,mechanical transplanting and yield,70g/tray was appropriate sowing date for biodegradable seedling tray.Our results suggested that biodegradable seedling tray transplanted with tray was beneficial for nursing strength seedlings under thin sowing model,improving mechanical transplanting quality and yield potentiality of hybrid rice.
作者
史鸿志
朱德峰
张玉屏
向镜
张义凯
朱从桦
武辉
陈惠哲
Shi Hongzhi;Zhu Defen;Zhang Yuping;Xiang Jing;Zhang Yikai;Zhu Conghua;Wu Hui;Chen Huizhe(State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第24期27-34,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(31501272)
浙江省公益技术研究农业项目(2015C32044)
2014RG004-2
关键词
农作物
机械化
播种
水稻
机插
生物降解秧盘
秧苗素质
产量
crops
mechanization
seed
rice
mechanical transplanting
biodegradable seedling tray
seedling quality
yield
