摘要
为探究水洼与邻近浅滩中浮游动物群落是否存在差异,于2015年1月22日和3月1日,选择赣江南昌段的3个水洼和邻近浅滩采集浮游动物,对浮游动物的物种组成、密度、生物量、多样性指数和群落结构进行比较研究。通过单因子方差分析(One-way ANOVA)检验水洼与浅滩中水环境因子及浮游动物密度和生物量的差异。使用非度量多维尺度分析(Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling,NMDS)和群落相似性分析(Analysis of similarity,ANOSIM)对暂时性水洼及邻近浅滩的浮游动物群落进行排序。1月和3月共发现浮游动物44种,轮虫有30种,占总捕获数的68%。枝角类和桡足类各有7种,分别占总捕获数的16%。相对重要性指数(Index of relative importance,IRI)大于1000的优势物种有5种,分别为汤匙华哲水蚤Sinocalanus dorrii、长肢多肢轮虫Polyarthra dolichoptera、桡足类无节幼体Copepod nauplii、角突臂尾轮虫Brachionus angularis和长圆疣毛轮虫Synchaeta oblonga。单因子方差分析表明,1月份水洼的水深、电导率和总氮含量显著高于浅滩(P<0.05),浅滩的水温、p H、溶解氧、浊度和总磷含量略高于水洼。3月份水洼的水深、p H和总氮含量略高于浅滩,浅滩的溶解氧、浊度和总磷含量较水洼高,水温和电导率在2种水体中非常接近。1月份水洼中浮游动物的密度(7.90 ind./L)和生物量(7.78μg/L)均低于浅滩(9.34 ind./L,19.03μg/L),3月份水洼中浮游动物的密度(24.27 ind./L)和生物量(332.14μg/L)均高于浅滩(22.86 ind./L,146.10μg/L)。浅滩中浮游动物的多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J)和物种丰富度指数(D)均大于水洼。非度量多维尺度分析和群落相似性分析表明,仅1月份水洼与浅滩的浮游动物群落结构具有边缘显著差异(P=0.067),可大致划分为2个:水洼群落和浅滩群落。3月份由于水位上涨,研究的水洼与赣江河道处于连通或半连通状态,2种生境中浮游动物群落结构无显著差异(P=0.313)。斯皮尔曼相关分析(Spearman correlation coefficient)发现水深和溶解氧是导致水洼和浅滩中浮游动物密度差异的主要环境因子。2种生境中浮游动物的密度与p H、电导率、总氮和总磷均具有显著相关性(P<0.05)。
Water level fluctuations mediate species composition and abundance dynamics of zooplankton to impact thestructure and function of aquatic ecosystems.There are many temporary pools formation along the bed of GanjiangRiver due to water level decline in dry season.To explore the variation of zooplankton communities in pools and adjacentriffles,three pools and riffles,located in Nanchang section of Ganjiang River,were used to collect zooplankton inJanuary and March of2015to investigate species composition,density,biomass,species diversity,and communitystructure.Water environment factors,zooplankton density and biomass in pools and riffles were analyzed by one-wayANOVA to test the variance.Zooplankton communities in pools and riffles were analyzed by Non-metric multi-dimensionalscaling(NMDS)and analysis of similarity(ANOSIM)with software Primer5.0.A total of44species of zooplanktonwere identified.Among them,30rotifers(68%),7cladocerans(16%)and7copepods(16%)were recorded.There were five dominant species with index of relative importance greater than1000,which were Sinocalanus dorrii,Polyarthra dolichoptera,Copepod nauplii,Brachionus angularis and Synchaeta oblonga.The results of one-way ANOVAsuggested that water depth,conductivity and total nitrogen of pools were significantly higher than those of riffles(P<0.05).In January,the water temperature,pH,dissolved oxygen,turbidity and total phosphorus of riffles wereslightly higher than those of pools.In March,the water depth,pH and total nitrogen of pools were slightly higher thanthose of riffles.Dissolved oxygen,turbidity and total phosphorus of riffles were higher than pools.The water temperatureand conductivity in the two water bodies were very close.In January,the total density(7.90ind./L)and biomass(7.78μg/L)of zooplankton in pools were lower than those in riffles(9.34ind/L,19.03μg/L).On the contrary,the totaldensity(24.27ind./L)and biomass(332.14μg/L)of zooplankton in pools were higher than those in riffles(22.86ind./L,146.10μg/L).The Shannon-winner index(H'),Pielou evenness index(J)and species richness index(D)of zooplanktonin riffles were higher than those in pools.Marginally significant difference in zooplankton communitiesbetween pools and riffles in January(P=0.067)were found by non-metric multi-dimensional scaling and similarity analysis.Zooplankton communities in January showed two communities:pool community and riffle community.In March,pools and riffles were gradually connected with the rising water level.There were no significant differences in zooplanktoncommunities between the two habitats(P=0.313).Spearman correlation coefficient showed that water depthand dissolved oxygen were main environmental factors in variation of zooplankton density between pools and riffles.Zooplankton communities had significant correlations with pH,conductivity,total nitrogen and phosphorus(P<0.05)in the two habitats
作者
余文生
詹文荣
聂雪
胡旭仁
潘莹
秦海明
舒凤月
YU Wen-Sheng;ZHAN Wen-Rong;NIE Xue;HU Xu-Ren;PAN Ying;QIN Hai-Ming;SHU Feng-Yue(Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;National Ecosystem Research Station of Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland, Nanchang 330038, China;College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China)
出处
《水生生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期382-391,共10页
Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(31560133)
长江科学院开放研究基金(CKWV2015238/KY)
南昌大学鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室开放基金(13006457)资助
关键词
浮游动物
群落结构
暂时性水洼
浅滩
赣江
Zooplankton
Community structure
Temporary pool
Riffle
Ganjiang River
