摘要
本试验旨在通过探索过渡期乳不同饲喂天数及断奶日龄对荷斯坦母犊健康状况和生长性能的影响,以确定最佳的过渡期乳饲喂天数及断奶日龄。试验共选取60头初生荷斯坦母犊,平均分为N(未饲喂过渡期乳组)、L(饲喂3d过渡期乳组)、H(饲喂6d过渡期乳组)三大组,每大组均分为2个小组(N1、N2;L1、L2;H1、H2)。N组第2~15天饲喂常乳;L组第2~4天饲喂过渡期乳,第5~15天饲喂常乳;H组第2~7天饲喂过渡期乳,第8~15天饲喂常乳。N1、L1、H1组均为60日龄断奶,N2、L2、H2组均为75日龄断奶。在试验期间统计分析犊牛的体重、体尺、血液生化指标等。结果表明:(1)与N组相比,H组犊60日龄内腹泻率降低5%,90日龄内体斜长平均增长量显著提高(P<0.05),10日龄及90日龄血清中甲状腺素(T4)含量显著上升(P<0.05);与L组相比,H组犊牛60、90日龄内的平均日增重及部分体尺的平均增长量均显著提高(P<0.05),90日龄血清中T4、白介素-2(IL-2)含量显著上升(P<0.05)。(2)75日龄断奶较60日龄断奶更有利于提高犊牛的抗应激能力。故犊牛在哺乳期饲喂6d过渡期乳并于75日龄断奶,能够提高其生长状况和抗应激能力,可为其后期的生长发育和乳用潜能的发挥奠定一定的基础。
The experiment aims to explore the effect of different feeding days of milk at transitional period and weaning days on the health status and growth performance of female Holstein calves so as to determine the optimal feeding days of milk at transitional period and weaning days.Altogether 60 newly born female Holstein calves were selected and divided evenly into three groups,N(not feeding milk at transitional period),L(feeding 3 days of milk at transitional period),H(feeding 6 days of milk at transitional period),each group consisting 2 subgroups(N1,N2;L1,L2;H1,H2).Group N was fed regular milk during 2 nd to 15 th day;group L was fed milk at transitional period during 2 nd to 4 th day,regular milk during 5 th to 15 th day;group H were fed milk at transitional period during 2 nd to 7 th days,regular milk during 8 th to 15 th day.N1,L1 and H1 were weaned at 60 th day,N2,L2 and H2 at 75 th day.During the experiment period,calves'body weight,measurement,blood biochemical indexes were collected and analysed.Results show(1)compared with group N,the diarrheal rate within 60 days of group H reduced by 5%,body slanting length within 90 days remarkably improved(P<0.05),thyroxine content in serum(T4)at 10 d and 90 d greatly enhanced(P<0.05);compared with group L,the average body weight gain and part of body measurements within 60 and 90 days for calves of group H significantly increased(P<0.05),T4 and IL-2 content in serum at 90 d remarkably increased(P<0.05).(2)Weaning at 75 th day is more beneficial to improving calves'anti-stress ability than weaning at 60 th day.Therefore,it is better to feed calves 6 days of transitional milk in lactation period and wean at 75 th day,which can improve their growth and anti-stress ability and lay a solid foundation for the latter growth and development.
作者
杨新月
王坤
李耀坤
柳广斌
孙宝丽
刘德武
YANG Xinyue;WANG Kun;LI Yaokun;LIU Guangbin;SUN Baoli;LIU Dewu(College of Animal Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642,China)
出处
《家畜生态学报》
北大核心
2018年第3期38-43,共6页
Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology
基金
广东省公益研究与能力建设专项资金项目(2015A020210083)
温氏基金项目
关键词
荷斯坦母犊
过渡期乳
断奶日龄
健康
生长性能
female Holstein calves
transitional milk
weaning age
health
growth performance
