摘要
随着中国城市化加速以及机动车保有量的大幅增加,城市环境问题日益突出。深圳地处珠江三角洲城市群,空气质量恶化引起社会各界广泛关注。利用深圳市11个国控站空气质量时平均、日平均监测资料、欧洲中心中期天气预报(ECMWF)再分析资料以及温度、湿度等自动气象监测数据,采用数理统计和典型环流分型等方法,在分析2013—2015年深圳市大气污染时空分布特征的基础上,探讨了深圳污染日典型环流形势特征,以期为深圳大气污染的预警预报、防治及其影响评估提供科学依据。基于空气污染指数(AQI)的污染分析表明:2013—2015年深圳市空气质量呈转好趋势,污染以轻度污染为主(92.4%);引起污染天气的主要污染因子是PM_(2.5)(75%)、O_3(19%)和NO_2(4.8%),PM_(2.5)和NO_2引起的污染天气呈下降趋势,而O_3引起的污染天气呈上升趋势,这表明光化学污染已成为深圳大气污染的重要形式。深圳的大气污染过程持续时间短,以1~2 d为主,污染天气集中出现在冬季,且易出现长时间持续(≥5 d)的污染过程。主要污染物季节特征明显,冬季为PM_(2.5),夏季O_3,春秋季PM_(2.5)、O_3和NO_2均会出现。深圳污染天气空间差异性较大,总体呈现西多东少的分布,东部沿海地区是深圳空气质量最好的区域。深圳污染日典型天气形势可分为大陆高压型、热带气旋型两类,其中秋冬季为大陆高压型,夏季为热带气旋型,在空气质量预报预警服务中,不同季节应关注不同污染物浓度变化和天气形势演变。
With the acceleration of urbanization and the increase of vehicle ownership,urban environmental problems have become increasingly prominent.Shenzhen is located in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration,and the deterioration of air quality has aroused widespread concern in the community.The hourly mean of atmosphere quality,the average daily monitoring data,the temperature,humidity and other automatic meteorological monitoring data from the 11 National control stations of Shenzhen City and the European Center for medium range weather forecasts(ECMWF)reanalysis data were analyzed using mathematical statistics and typical circulation analysis method.The characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric pollution and typical pollution circulation in Shenzhen were discussed based on air pollution quality monitoring of Shenzhen in order to sustain atmospheric pollution warning and forecast more pointedly and provide scientific basis for prevention and control and its impact assessment.The results indicated that the air quality became better in recent 3 years in Shenzhen and slight pollution was about 92.4%.The main pollution factor was PM2.5(75%),followed by O3(19%)and NO2(4.8%).The pollution caused by O3 was rising which suggested the photochemical pollution was more and more serious in Shenzhen.The primary pollutants changing with the seasons that PM2.5 was the main pollutant in winter,O3 in summer,PM2.5,O3 and NO2 in spring and autumn.The pollution processes generally lasted for 1~2 days and the longer duration and serious pollution processes usually happened in December and January.In general,more pollution processes happened in the west of Shenzhen while less in the east,the eastern coastal area had the best air quality.Shenzhen pollution typical weather situation can be divided into the anticyclone type in autumn and winter and the tropical cyclone type in summer that the air quality forecasting and early warning service in different seasons should pay attention to the different evolution of pollutant concentration and weather situation.
作者
王明洁
贺佳佳
王书欣
张蕾
WANG Mingjie;HE Jiajia;WANG Shuxin;ZHANG Lei(Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Severe Weather in South China,Shenzhen 518040,China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期268-275,共8页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(91544102)
华南区域气象中心科技攻关项目(GRMC2012M13
GRMC2015M01)
广东省气象局科学技术研究项目(2015B50)
深圳气象局项目(SZQX2013167)
关键词
大气成分资料
污染特征
典型环流形势
深圳
air pollution quality monitoring
atmospheric pollution characteristics
typical pollution circulation
Shenzhen
