摘要
由于化石能源在全球能源供给中仍占据主要地位,碳捕获与封存(CCS)技术被认为是当前控制温室气体排放的有效途径之一。但是,由于技术与成本的不确定性,政府支持和公众认知程度的不足,融资机制的不完善严重阻碍了该技术的大规模推广。基于此,本文从低碳融资机制与实践经验两个层面对CCS技术的融资问题加以探讨。首先从国际气候融资、政府直接投资与金融机构参与融资三个层面梳理了低碳技术融资政策与渠道,指出低碳技术的发展很大程度上依赖于政府的直接投资与激励政策的扶持。进而,着重分析了CCS技术融资面临的困难,包括:国际气候融资渠道狭窄且缺乏针对CCS技术的专项资金;国内CCS技术的融资渠道单一,严重依赖政府的直接投资与政策激励;金融机构所提供的资金支持远不能满足CCS技术的资金需求。然后,从国内外CCS示范项目的成功与失败案例中总结CCS技术融资机制的经验教训,指出政府的资金与技术支持、市场化减排机制的激励、通过提高采收率(EOR)等碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)技术经济收益的获取、CCS关键技术的研发、政府与社会资本的融洽合作机制是保证CCS示范项目资金需求的关键因素。最后,从国际气候融资机制的完善、政府直接投资与政策支持的加强、财税政策的有效实施、市场化减排机制的充分运用、技术风险管理的完善、多主体参与的市场化融资机制的构建等方面对CCS技术未来的融资机制设计提出了政策建议。
Since the fossil fuels have still dominated the global energy supply currently,Carbon capture and storage(CCS)technology has been considered as an effective way to control greenhouse gas emissions.However,in consideration of both technology and cost uncertainties as well as the limitations to the government support and public perception,the imperfect financing mechanisms has severely hindered the worldwide deployment of the CCS technology.Therefore,this paper explores the issue related to the financing of CCS technology from the discussions about both financing mechanism and practical experiences related to low-carbon technologies.It first makes an analysis of financing policies and channels related to low carbon technologies in three aspects:international climate financing,direct government spending and financial institutions participating.It figures out that the development of low carbon technologies has depended largely on the direct government spending and the support from incentive policies.Then this paper highlights the difficulties facing the CCS financing mechanisms,including the narrow international financing channels lacking special funds for CCS;single domestic CCS financing channel heavily relying on the direct government spending and the support from incentive policies;the financial support from the financial institutions far from being able to meet the fund demand for CCS technology.Furthermore,this paper draws lessons from the CCS financial mechanisms by analyzing the successful and failure practice about CCS demonstration projects at home and abroad.It indicates that the key factors related to the funding guarantee for CCS include the funding and technical supports from governments,the incentives from market-based emissions reduction mechanisms,the acquisition of the benefits from the carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technology such as enhanced oil and gas recovery(EOR/EGR),the research and development of relevant key technologies,and the harmonious cooperation mechanism among the governments and the social capital.Finally,this paper proposes some policy recommendations for the CCS financing mechanisms in the future,including improving international climate financing mechanisms,increasing the direct government spending and enhancing the policy support,implementing the fiscal and taxation policies effectively,making best use of market-based emissions reduction mechanisms,perfecting the technological risk management and building market-oriented financing mechanism with multi-participators.
作者
王许
姚星
朱磊
WANG Xu;YAO Xing;ZHU Lei(School of Management,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116,China;School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Economics and Management,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期17-25,共9页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"考虑厂商策略性行为的碳排放权交易机制建模与优化设计"(批准号:71603256)
"不确定条件下低碳能源技术投资综合评价模型理论与应用研究"(批准号:71273253)
"不确定条件下低碳能源技术策略性投资评价模型与应用研究"(批准号:71673019)
"绿色低碳发展转型中的关键管理科学问题与政策研究"(批准号:71690245)
江苏省博士后科研资助计划"不完全竞争市场结构下的碳排放权交易机制建模与优化设计"(批准号:1601086C)
关键词
CCS技术
低碳技术
融资机制
融资渠道
融资激励政策
CCS technology
low-carbon technology
financing mechanism
financing channels
financing incentive policy
